tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-54576929664163036972023-11-15T11:14:54.213-08:00How to write a capstone paperDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.comBlogger184125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-23481668798380738932020-08-26T13:59:00.001-07:002020-08-26T13:59:08.288-07:00Employee performance appraisal theories and techniquesWorker execution examination hypotheses and strategies Execution examination is to survey and assess the exhibition of workers towards the goals of the association. Execution evaluation has now become a significant piece of human asset the executives. Execution examination is the reason for other work force programs in huge numbers of the associations like directing, compensation organization, or staff arranging. With the decay of vocations in association, HRM procedures, for example, execution evaluation has gotten progressively significant in inspiring and controlling the workforce. Examination is currently observed by certain reporters as being substantially more critical in keeping up worker faithfulness and responsibility than in legitimately overseeing execution (Bowles and Coates, 1993). Utilization of execution examination gives the administrator chance to change corporate qualities which are significant instrument in charge process. Accordingly we locate a developing utilization of examination frameworks for non-administrative w orkers that depend on social, attitudinal and characteristic qualities (Townley, 1989). Workers are presently being evaluated not just on target estimates, for example, participation, efficiency and quality yet additionally on emotional estimates, for example, adaptability, dependability and so forth execution examination helps in expanding the productivity of workforce which thusly helps in accomplishing the destinations set by an organisation. Execution evaluation is one of the most significant parts in the orderly methodology of Human Resource Management. Execution examination is the way toward surveying and assessing the exhibition of representatives as indicated by the goals of the association. Execution examination is characterized as a methodology which includes the normal utilization of recorded evaluation of an individual㠢â⠬â⠢s execution and potential (Phil Long (1986). Execution Appraisal Revisited. second ed. London: IPM Information and Advisory Services. 5.). An essential point of the exhibition examination is to quantify the presentation of a person against the given goals. Execution evaluation incorporates the workers, the board, managers and the units those are generally mindful in the association. Manual staffs, for example, talented workers and representatives with specialized obligations are additionally dependent upon examination. Numerous associations use execution examination in any event, f or other work force programs, such as directing, pay organization, advancements or staff arranging and so on. It goes about as a methods for correspondence between the chief and the sub ordinates required by the organization or association. There are numerous potential employments of execution examination, yet an insightful client of the procedure will pick among the conceivable outcomes and keep execution evaluation to those exercises that will meet constrained, explicit objectives (Patricia King (1984). Execution Planning and Appraisal. New York: McGraw-Hill. 7.). Execution examination framework helps in estimating the exhibition of people against the set targets of the association and the errands gave to an individual, and remunerating them likewise. It is likewise the reason for enrolling the new individuals, give criticism, increment inspiration, distinguish potential, study the abilities of the representatives, preparing to be given by the targets and the work given and let in dividuals realize that what is normal from them against the association and take care of the activity issues. An adjustment in installment frameworks has likewise helped in development and improvement of execution examination. Prize frameworks and expanded utilization of legitimacy and execution have been related with the advancement of execution evaluation. It would be evident that presentation evaluation rehearses those are working from recent years or so might be viable in numerous associations today. New advancements has decreased the job of execution evaluation, they presently are being utilized as a measure to accomplish authoritative destinations, impressive experimentation and development. Actually execution evaluation has gotten all the more wide spread. New types of evaluations have additionally been created. Advancement of execution examination: Casual arrangement of execution examination exists insofar as individuals cooperate; assessment of representatives at work is the all inclusive inclination. The historical backdrop of formal arrangement of execution examination is short. With the new advancements execution examination has become a significant component of human asset the board. Wide scopes of strategies are utilized to direct the exhibition examinations, for example, from positioning plans and competency based frameworks to complex behaviourally moored rating plans. Execution appraisal㠢â⠬â⠢s nature is for the most part dependent on the goals of the executives and the accessible assets for duty. Less difficult positioning and rating plans are embraced by the little associations with restricted HR aptitude, where as plans, for example, competency based and 360o evaluation are received by the bigger associations. The vast majority of the administrations utilize just one kind of examination framework. A few associations give the decision to representatives about techniques by they way they ought to be evaluated. Scarcely any associations embrace numerous frameworks to isolate reward and non reward parts of examination and various frameworks to various word related gatherings and various pieces of the association. Evaluation Systems: Evaluation framework defines the survey some portion of the presentation cycle. Examination frameworks are planned on a focal premise by faculty work, every director assess the exhibition of their staff on a yearly, six-month to month or even quarterly premise. Customarily evaluation framework has been material to the staff those are in higher administration and administrative positions, yet with new advancements it has additionally pertinent even to the administrative staff and secretarial staff. Examination frameworks are been pertinent in all the pieces of the association for the better execution of the workers. It will in general evaluate the exhibition of the representatives and prize them likewise. Examination framework can be utilized to distinguish the issues and improve current execution, give criticism. It additionally can be utilized to set the association goals, give data to the HR faculty, determination process and as a prize or disciplines. Evaluation can be isolated into three classifications, reward surveys, likely audits, and execution audits, and the examination framework ought to fulfill in any event one of those. Administrator ought to be cautious in checking on the main role of the examination framework. Source: www.rose.edu/personnel/bperryman/f6.pdf Execution Appraisal Methods and Techniques: The procedures to assess the exhibition examination can be assembled into three classifications: Comparative, Absolute and Outcome or Result-arranged. Near Methods: These procedures help in assessment the exhibition of the representatives in a work gathering. Three fundamental systems which are utilized in execution decisions are matched correlations, raking and constrained conveyance. Combined examinations: In this strategy appraiser looks at the pair of people, rating which worker is better. This could be founded on the general execution of the activity or one explicit attribute. A position request is acquired from the occasions every individual is chosen as the better of a couple (Phil Long (1986). Execution Appraisal Revisited. second ed. London: IPM Information and Advisory Services). Positioning: Rater requires posting the gathering of people and positioning them as indicated by the legitimacy from best to most noticeably terrible. In this strategy a solitary presentation attribute is utilized to assess the general execution of workers towards the destinations. Constrained dispersion: This system joins both matched correlations and positioning strategies. People get a rating and furthermore appointed to classes as indicated by foreordained dissemination. Outright Methods: This technique assesses the exhibition of a person by reference to norms of execution. Methods incorporate account approach, realistic or quality rating scales, basic occurrences and social tied down rating scales. Story Approach: This technique portrays the individual㠢â⠬â⠢s work execution and conduct in the expressions of appraiser. The appraiser depicts the qualities, shortcomings and capability of an individual and furthermore propose for upgrades that are required. Appraiser can clarify as paper or composed report. Story systems have the advantage that they can clarify and give data with respect to the individual㠢â⠬â⠢s execution. Attribute Rating Scales: This is profoundly organized scale which comprises of a rundown of character qualities. The appraiser ought to demonstrate the exhibition of a person on a numerical scale for which individual is being assessed have these characteristics. A variety of this is the realistic rating scale which requires the rater to assess the person on every one of a few characterized characteristics along a line containing an assortment of destinations from high to exceptionally low (Phil Long (1986). Execution Appraisal Revisited. second ed. London: IPM Information and Advisory Services). Basic episode procedures: In this strategy rater clarifies the positive and negative social occasions which have been seen inside an audit period. It is progressively reasonable for execution criticism conversations. Social Anchored Rating Scales (BARS): BARS is one of the noticeable conduct scaling methods which decide the conduct evaluations and really establish work execution. This procedure is completed utilizing average BARS instruments which establish of arrangement of vertical scales. Each scale decides execution measurement dependent on work necessities and past perceptions. The conduct grapples watched decides the work execution of the person. Results-arranged Methods: These strategies are for the most part dependent on explicit achievements and results of employment execution instead of practices. Appraisal depends on how the goals have been accomplished. Destinations being together concurred between the superi Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-43905516652397632442020-08-22T08:25:00.001-07:002020-08-22T08:25:23.362-07:00The Great Leap Forward Essays - Chinese People, China, CommunismThe Great Leap Forward In 1958 the Chinese socialist gathering propelled the Great Leap Forward crusade under the new General Line for Socialist Construction. Mao guaranteed the Peoples Republic that inside fifteen years China would outperform Great Britain in the creation of significant items. In spite of the fact that proof is crude, Maos choice to start the Great Leap Forward was situated to some extent on his anxiety about the Soviet strategy of monetary, money related, and specialized help to China. The Great Leap Forward was planned for achieving the financial and specialized improvement of the nation at an a lot quicker pace and with more noteworthy outcomes much like an idealistic culture. The arrangement fixated on another financial and political framework made in the open country and in a couple of urban regions the people groups cooperatives. It likewise set significant standards for increments in essential items, for example, iron and steel. These objectives were ridiculous and the arrangement needed adequate arranging, yet beginning outcomes do show that China began making an incredible jump forward. The Chinese Communist Party called upon all Chinese to take on physical work to change the economy, constraining more than one hundred million individuals into ventures. To empower industry, little steel and iron-production heaters were set up in the open country. Huge industrial facilities couldn't get enough of the crude materials they required. Numerous issues clarified that the significant standards made couldn't be practiced. The cooperatives, which were the size of towns, consolidated farmland and workers of one entire locale into a unit. The individual cooperative was put in charge of all creation and was to work as the sole unit; it was partitioned into the creation detachment, and the creation group. By the fall of 1958, around 750,000 rural makers cooperatives, presently assigned as creation units, had been amalgamated into around 23,500 collectives, each averaging 22,000 individuals. Around forty families developed a creation group, and around ten groups made a creation de tachment. Each detachment had certain occupations to do, for example, tree planting, activity of storerooms, or transportation. Each collective was arranged as a self-supporting network for agribusiness, little scope industry, tutoring, advertising, organization, and nearby security, which was kept up by volunteer army. Sorted out along paramilitary and laborsaving lines, the collective had shared kitchens, mess lobbies, and nurseries. By 1959, 500,000,000 individuals were dealing with twenty-6,000 collectives. By 1959, Mao reported that the Great Leap Forward was a disappointment. As opposed to the economy jumping forward, it debilitated. Among the Great Leap Forwards monetary outcomes were food deficiencies, overproduction of low quality products, decay of modern plants, exhaustion and crumbling of workers, educated people, gathering and government authorities. Mao assumed liability for the disappointment, and in April 1959, resigned from his job as administrator of the republic; Liu Shaoqi became Chinas new pioneer. Liu set more accentuation on practical objectives and productive arranging. He put experts in power, not Party individuals. The quantity of collectives diminished and creation authority was reestablished to industrial facility administrators. By 1965, China was on its way rearrangement and recuperation from the disappointment of Great Leap Forward. Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-89087897445167026892020-08-20T10:21:00.001-07:002020-08-20T10:21:02.642-07:00How to Manage Anger and StressHow to Manage Anger and Stress Stress Management Effects on Health Print How to Manage Anger and Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 31, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Jamie Grill / Getty Images Anger management and stress management work in similar ways. One reason for this is because anger and stress both have a psychological component so they can be managed psychologically. Both emotions can affect us in very negative ways, mainly if left unmanaged, and that it is why it is essential to understand their relationship. Factors That Affect Anger and Stress Prolonged exposure to anger and stress can take a toll on our physical health. It can raise our blood pressure which instigates other issues that affect us physically and emotionally.?? It can negatively impact our relationships as well. Beyond that, we can also develop negative habits as a response to excessive levels of anger and stress that become more difficult to control over time. Either of these effects can result in more anxiety. In order to begin managing the adverse effects of stress and anger, we need to look at how these emotions impact our lives. Stress can lead to anger which can lead to even more stress. Neither feeling is healthy, but we shouldnt try to eliminate them. Instead, we should attempt to control them by understanding factors that affect anger and stress and coping strategies for better management. How Is Stress Affecting My Health? Perception Certain events can trigger anger or stress in many people. The degree of anger or stress experienced has to do with how a person perceives and interprets what is happening to them??. For example, two people can be cut off in traffic. One person might interpret the gesture as a lack of respect, a threat to their physical safety or as a hostile gesture. This situation makes them angry. Another person may figure that the offending driver didnt see them or might be wrapped up in their own thoughts, and let the event roll off their back. In both cases, there was a stimulus, a belief, and a response. The view, or interpretation, of the stimulus, is what led to the different reactions. Personality Traits Some people have inborn personality traits that make them more susceptible to anger and stress.?? Some of these tendencies are seen early in life, but these tendencies can be mitigated. Some people are naturally more observant than others. This trait can make them more likely to notice things that might make them angryâ"things that may go unnoticed by someone else.Some people are naturally less comfortable with change, which can also cause stress and anger in certain situations.Other people have a low tolerance for frustration and get angrier more easily than others.?? Attitudes Our habitual thought patterns, which can be somewhat altered with practice, contribute to our experience of anger or stress. Some people tend to interpret things negatively as a matter of habit. They may attribute someone elseâs error to malicious or unkind motives, for example. They may take one negative event as a sign that more negative events are to come, which can contribute to anger and stress. Healthy Coping Strategies Anger and stress are natural experiences. The way we deal with conditions can make the difference between a healthy and unhealthy life. With stress, for example, we canât always prevent stressful events from occurring. However, managing stress through breathing exercises, journaling, or other stress management techniques, we can learn to neutralize the effects of stress. We canât always prevent anger from occurring, but we can work through our anger in healthy ways so it does not become a problem. For example, expressing our feelings in respectful ways when they are still manageable can stop them from snowballing into feelings of being enraged or overwhelmed. The other option is to try and âstuffâ anger or express it in negative and unhealthy ways. That is when anger does become a problem. The 7 Best Online Anger Management Classes Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-69845950461914701662020-05-24T13:24:00.001-07:002020-05-24T13:24:03.066-07:00Essay about Jewish Sexual Ethics - 1295 Words Sexual ethics provide a framework for Jewish conduct so that the tradition may continue in stability and morality Evaluate the accuracy of this statement. Sexual Ethics are integral to Judaism because they provided direct guidance on how to behave morally and in accordance with the Torah and God. Although, over many years Jews were suffering from persecution, they are currently showing stability which can be attributed to the framework that is outlined through the strong ethics that they uphold. Sexual ethics provide guidance on how to behave morally, righteously and in accordance to the Torah as well as preventing promiscuity, infidelity, immorality and sexual acts which hinder the constancy of Judaism. The teachings on Adultery,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This is further emphasised in the commandment, You shall not covet your neighbours wife. Furthermore, the universal condemnation of adultery by all Jewish variants reflects Jewish beliefs as it protects society from promiscuity, disease and deformed birth which have the potential to jeopardise the framework for Jewish conduct and hence continue the tradition in stability and mora lity. This results in society being spiritually and ritually clean, also promote the belief of fidelity and honesty, which will inturn encourage Judaism to be moral and stable. Sexually ethical conduct is crucial promotes the beliefs in Gods true intentions; that love was between a man and a woman. In addition to this, the morality and stability of Judaism is affected by the restriction of procreation which comes with the act of homosexuality. The importance of life and procreation is clearly evident in the Jewish stance on homosexuality as Jewish religion and community is against homosexuality, regarding it as sinful, whether gay or lesbian, as it destabilises the framework for Jewish conduct. Homosexuality is not the ideal state in Judaism and is a challenge to the ideal of marriage and family as it inhibits longevity and continuity of the tradition thus destabilising the religion through immoral acts. It is important to note that it is homosexual acts, not homosexual orientations that areShow MoreRelatedJewish Sexual Ethic Views976 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"A human being is essentially a sexual beingâ⬠(Novak, 271). As David Novak above states, a ll humans are born with a natural inclination to fulfill his or her sexual right. Each person has needs that they yearn to have someone satisfy for them. The issue that isnââ¬â¢t so clear is how people satisfy these burning urges within them. We have discussed in class the many viewpoints that authors have presented us, some more liberal, others conservative, and some in between. In this paper, I will present DavidRead MoreNotes On Paul s Teachings974 Words à |à 4 PagesCarter Viles Ethics Monday, June 8th, 2015 Paulââ¬â¢s Teachings Paul was born as Saul of Tarsus. He was both a Jew and a Roman citizen. He became a prosecutor of those who follow Jesus and accepted him as their Lord and King. Saul was not trying to being mean by doing this. He thought of it as just working against an enemy of his own Jewish faith. One day he was on the way to Damascus and a bright heavenly light came down from above and blinded him. He was struck to the ground and a voice called outRead MoreA Religious Point Of View1294 Words à |à 6 Pagescomes to coming out and when it relates to Judaism. ââ¬Å"According to information published by The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, there were around 13.1 million Jewish people in the world in 2007, most residing in the USA and Israel. According to the 2001 census 267,000 people in the UK said that their religious identity was Jewish, about 0.5% of the populationâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Judaism at a Glanceâ⬠). As the Jewish population is slowly increasing, homosexual Jews will be parti ally accepted and loved, but thereRead MoreAnswer Booklet Judaism7864 Words à |à 32 PagesKabbalah * The Hassidim * Moses Mendelssohn * Abraham Geiger * Rabbi Isaac Abraham Hacohen Kook (Rav Kook) * Jewish Feminism * another person or school of thought significant to Judaism * the effect of that person OR school of thought on JudaismEthics * ONE of the following areas of ethical teaching in Judaism: * bioethics * environmental ethics * sexual ethicsSignificant practices in the life of adherents * ONE significant practice within Judaism drawn from: * death andRead MoreThe Nuremberg Laws736 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Nuremberg Laws In the tumultuous period leading up to World War II, a series of laws were devised in Nazi Germany that subjected the Jewish people to prohibitory and discriminatory forms of treatment. Although the Jewish people only accounted for 503,000 of the 55 million occupants of the country, Adolf Hitlerââ¬â¢s dictatorship preached the incorporation of anti-Semitism into law and practice in order to quell the people he considered to be the enemy of the country. The Nuremberg Laws, createdRead MoreWhy The Women Of Wall Street Are Disappearing1132 Words à |à 5 Pagesand created an atmosphere where Nancy has felt discrimination. When a lawsuit is developed not only are the two victims probed, nevertheless the company is also examined, therefore human resources is responsible for maintaining the ethics within the organization. Ethics plays a significant role in every organization, where the managers, employees and human resources are responsible for maintaining a positive work environment. It is established that employers who preserve their workers satisfied andRead MoreThe Religious Beliefs Of Judaism918 Words à |à 4 Pagestwo, in the Jewish Tanakh the term ââ¬Å"Hellâ⬠is called ââ¬Å"Sheolâ⬠(). Moreover, distinct from Christianityââ¬â¢s and Islamââ¬â¢s share idea of hell, the Jewish Sheol isnââ¬â¢t a place of fire and damnation but simply refers to the grace or the abode of the dead (Psalms 88:3 Psalms 88:5). In other words the Shoal of Judaism is a just a graveyard. Their Fundamental Purpose To continue, each of the Abrahamic religions share a fundamental purpose, and that is to impart upon the world a moral code of ethics to live byRead MoreThe Three Major Religions Of The World1465 Words à |à 6 Pagesset of principles and laws in which they abide by. In the morals and ethics of Christianity, they have the Greatest Commandment which pertains to loving God with all your might. To fulfill this principle, they follow the Golden Rule (do unto others as you would do unto yourself), and the Ten Commandments. The Ten Commandments are very similar to the 5 Precepts of Buddhism: do not kill, do not steal, do not participate in sexual misconduct, do not lie, and to not become intoxicated. These values areRead MoreEthnic Differences Between Ethnic Cultures1667 Words à |à 7 PagesHofstedeââ¬â¢s cultural dimensions, and in particular the concept of foreign direct investment. Power Distance: Located on the eastern outskirts of the Mediterranean Sea, Israel is home to Jewish culture. Stuck between Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and water, Israel is influenced by many different cultures such as Arab and Jewish nationalities. While the majority of Israelââ¬â¢s population practices Judaism, Israel is still subjective to many different religious practices. According to Hofstedeââ¬â¢s cultural analysisRead MoreThe Jewish faith consists of founding principles that are quoted in the Tenak and Talmud. It is1100 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Jewish faith consists of founding principles that are quoted in the Tenak and Talmud. It is through the principle beliefs that Jewish adherents are conscious of Godââ¬â¢s monotheism, The Covenant and the importance of divinely inspired moral law. Variants across Judaism including Hasidic and the Reform Jewish Movement, uphold differing interpretations of these beliefs which are reflected through their practices of faith everyday. The monotheistic belief of Judaism recognises that God is omnipotent Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-52788492195305299802020-05-13T19:24:00.001-07:002020-05-13T19:24:02.406-07:00Appeal for My Academic Dismissal from NOVA Southern... I am writing to appeal my academic dismissal from NOVA Southeastern University. I was not surprised, but very upset to receive a notice of my dismissal. I sat out for a year and would like to be accepted for the upcoming semester. I admit, I had a very difficult time during my last semester and as a result my grades suffered. I dont mean to make excuses for my poor academic performance and I understand itââ¬â¢s my fault, but I would like to explain the circumstances as well as my great interest in the program. Besides graduating from college, being accepted into the Counseling program at NOVA Southeastern University was the greatest day of my life. I was on my way to a much greater success by working on my Master. Paying for college out of pocket was a struggle, but I understand that success comes with great sacrifices. However, I wouldnââ¬â¢t really call paying out of pocket for school a sacrifice, but rather an investment in my future and my family. My first semester went marvelous. I was motivated and enthusiastic about the courses. I must admit graduate school is much harder than I imagine, but I manage to make time for studying and ended making Aââ¬â¢s in both of my classes, which I didnââ¬â¢t expect less than that. When the summer semester I arrived, I was as excited and motivated as my very first semester, aiming to make nothing less than an A grades. However, unexpectedly my world seemed to have turned upside down in a matter of time. My mother and I decided to take a week to goShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words à |à 846 Pages Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universityââ¬â¢s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words à |à 264 PagesCrowdfunding Takes Off Insight on Technology: Battle of the Titans: Music in the Cloud Case Study: Pandora and the Freemium Business Model CHAPTER 3 E-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE: THE INTERNET, WEB, AND MOBILE PLATFORM Opening Case: Google Glass: Augment My Reality Insight on Society: Government Surveillance and Regulation of the Internet Insight on Technology: Is HTML5 Ready for Prime Time? 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Wal-Mart Stores Inc.: Dominating global retailing C A S E T W E L V E 14_Hanson_3ed_SB_3869_TXT Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-32661687129144803762020-05-06T14:12:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:12:29.111-07:00Tyler Cowenââ¬â¢s Creative Destruction How Globalization is Changing the World Free Essays string(150) " reach places that are beyond the border of that society, people tend to choose and adapt the favorable phenotypes, rather than the unfavorable ones\." Trade and commerce carry a crucial role in creating and changing cultures of races and tribes. In Tyler Cowenââ¬â¢s book entitled ââ¬ËCreative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the Worldââ¬â¢, trade is depicted as a living entity that builds, grows, and transforms, depending on the elements that influence trade. Cultural homogenization and heterogenization have the ability to work together, with some traits or phenotypes of the two cultures becoming more alike, while others become more different over the process. We will write a custom essay sample on Tyler Cowenââ¬â¢s Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Cowen has failed to realize that, given a specific environment, trade does not always lead to wealth or cultural diversity within a certain environment. With trade and commerce influencing the formation, transformation, and reformation of cultural diversity, there are significant roles that the individuals living in the society must carry. Tyler Cowenââ¬â¢s Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World: On the Issue of Choice and Positive Liberty in the Cultural Marketing Industry Trade is one of the oldest trends, which has continued to change the world and the course of human history. It changed culture, language, the state of art and heritage, and thanks to trade, the alphabet of the Phoenicians and the numerals of the Arabs were both preserved even to this very day. Businesses and immigrants carry a crucial role in creating and changing cultures of races and tribes. Reflecting the Darwinian Theory, which says that individuals or groups of individuals compete so as ââ¬Å"to achieve their goals of fitness and reproductionâ⬠(Saint-Paul, 2002, p. ), internationalization is being born. This pertains to ââ¬Å"the geographic spread of economic activities across national boundariesâ⬠(Gereffi Memedovic, 2003, p. 2). The world economy started to form and be active; with trade and business spreading across boundariesâ⬠¦ forming cultures that affect the way people live. In Tyler Cowenââ¬â¢s book entitled ââ¬ËCreative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the Worldââ¬â¢, it is stated that ââ¬Å"Tradeâ⬠¦ shapes our sense of cultural selfâ⬠(Cowen, 2002, p. ). This book proves how trade invasion both creates and destroys cultureââ¬âthat while one culture is being destroyed, another is being created. Trade here is being depicted as a living entity that builds, grows, and transforms, depending on the elements that influence trade itself. Globalization is a creative destruction because it multiplies diversity within a specific individual or race, as it decreases diversity outside the specific individual or race. This paper revolves around Cowenââ¬â¢s book and his manifestation that creative productsââ¬âthose that pertain to music, literature, cinema, cuisine, or the visual artsââ¬âare at allies with trade and commerce. Nevertheless, we shall prove how Cowen (2002) failed to realize that, given a specific environment of a town or country, trade do not always lead to wealth and diversity within a certain environment. Groups and individuals carry the most significant roles on whether trade would transform themâ⬠¦ or if they would transform trade. Main Body The version of Cowen According to Cowen (2002), ââ¬Å"To varying degrees, Western cultures draw their philosophical heritage from the Greeks, their religions from the Middle East, their scientific base from the Chinese and Islamic worlds, and their core populations and languages from Europeâ⬠(p. 6). He says that internationalization intensified starting in the 19th century, when the means of travel developed with the inventing of cars, railroads, and steamships, while promoting cultural diversity and creativity (p. 6). In contrast, the era of cultural decline during the Dark Ages (422 A. D. ââ¬â 1100 A. D. ) also reflected ââ¬Å"a radical shrinking of trade frontiersâ⬠(p. 6). Through literature, music, art and cinema, and even sports, the tide of cross-cultural exchange of trade has influenced the exchange of creative production as well. However, as Cowen (2002) stated, ââ¬Å"Just as trade typically makes countries richer in material terms, it tends to make them culturally richer as wellâ⬠(p. 13). Cross-cultural trade and exchange have made way for greater opportunities in wealth, technology, and what he called as ââ¬Ëcultural blossomingsââ¬â¢ (p. 3). As diversity across societies forms or transforms (with the help of trade), diversity inside and outside the society moves in opposite directions: When one society trades a new artwork to another society, diversity within society goes up, but diversity across the two societies goes down. The question is not about more less diversity per se, but rather what kind of diversity globalization will bring. Cross-cultural exchange tends to favor diversity within society, but to disfavor diversity across societies. (p. 15) In the broader prospect of the topic of globalization, Cowenââ¬â¢s version fit within the paradigm that says that, diversity over time is greatly influenced by trade and commerce between societies. Being the best manifestations of culture, creative products influence internationalization that, sequentially, influences the formation of these creative products. The paradigm of Cowen Cowenââ¬â¢s paradigm in his book ââ¬ËCreative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the Worldââ¬â¢ creates the thought that cultural diversity is being formed, transformed, or reformed out of a societyââ¬â¢s trade and commerce industry. Through cross-cultural trade, there is an exchange of creative production through the intention of gaining wealth, technology, knowledge, and what Cowen (2002) defined as ââ¬Ëcultural blossomingsââ¬â¢. This, however, is just another way of reusing or reinterpreting Darwinââ¬â¢s theory of natural selection, which states that ââ¬Å"the proportion of organisms in a species with characteristics that are adaptive to a given environment increases with each generationâ⬠(American Heritage Science Dictionary, 2002). It is like saying that, in a world where cross-cultural interaction takes place frequentlyââ¬âespecially under internationalizationââ¬âthe favorable characteristics of a cultural society are transmitted for adaptation to another trading society; while the unfavorable ones of that cultural society tend to diminish against adaptation within the spectrum of the two societies. What Darwin calls the ââ¬Ëphenotypeââ¬â¢ (i. e. observable characteristics of organisms) reaches the cultural society though trade and commerce, and according to Cowen (2002), this is being transmitted in the form of creative production by means of music, literature, cinema, cuisine, or visual arts. Not only wealth and goods are shared but also the ideas, the art forms, and the basic culture that is most prevalent within the society. As they reach places that are beyond the border of that society, people tend to choose and adapt the favorable phenotypes, rather than the unfavorable ones. You read "Tyl er Cowenââ¬â¢s Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World" in category "Papers" It is like saying that cultural human evolution revolves around the sharing and reproduction of creative, cultural phenotypes; and those that are being categorized as ââ¬Ëfavorableââ¬â¢ increase in frequency and power, as when compared over to the ââ¬Ëunfavorableââ¬â¢ ones. As a result, Coca-Cola, McDonaldââ¬â¢s, and Mickey Mouse became as global as the number of countries that the government of the United States has reached and occupied. International capitalism serves as both the cause and effect of cultural diversity. The gap filled by Cowen ââ¬Å"The question is not about more less diversity per se, but rather what kind of diversity globalization will bring. ââ¬âCowen, 2002, p. 15 Trade and commerce influence the formation, transformation, and reformation of cultural diversity. Reinterpreting diversity-over-time as a value, Cowen (2002) has come up with the term operative diversity or ââ¬Å"how effectively we can enjoy the diversity of the worldâ⬠(p. 16 ). Stating how the world was much diverse during the 15th century than how it is today, he reinterpreted human evolution by stating the following lines: ââ¬Å"Markets have subsequently disseminated the diverse products of the world very effectively, even when those same cross-cultural contacts have damaged indigenous creative environmentsâ⬠(Cowen, 2002, p. 6). Cultural homogenization and heterogenization, according to Cowen (2002), have the tendency to go together, with some phenotypes of the two cultures becoming more alike, while others becoming more different over the process. This is the gap filled up by Cowen (2002) when he wrote ââ¬ËCreative Destructionââ¬â¢. Although there is some truth over the natural selection theory, it does not clearly state how the organisms (or societies) react to one another, especially regarding culture. It just summarizes that the strong, favorable phenotypes survive, while the weak and unfavorable ones tend to diminish. Unlike the theory of the natural selection, which interprets adaptations and human evolution by defining traits (e. g. , cultural, environmental) as strong or weak, or as favorable or unfavorable, Cowenââ¬â¢s theory clearly points out that, in a certain cultural environment, there is a specific kind or manner of diversity, which sprouts out of the interaction. Cultural diversity does not just strengthen or weaken, they do not just live or die, but have the tendency to form, transform, or be reformed through homogenization and heterogenization of traits and cultures. It is not merely ââ¬Ëdestructionââ¬â¢ but a creative destruction because of the many ways that may bud or develop out of a specific cultural interaction. The gap left by Cowen Cowenââ¬â¢s book states that, as trade and commerce intensify, internationalization and globalization also intensifyâ⬠¦ and, with this, the promotion of cultural diversity and creativity. Cultural decline happens with the weakening of trade and commerce, and this brings lesser diversity to culture and creative production. Trade and commerce should bring more wealth, technology, and cultural blossomings, in the same way that all these bring more numbers to trade and commerce. It is a two-way process that is resilient and ongoingâ⬠¦ changing culture and diversity inside and outside the society. However, it would be utterly wrong to explain cultural evolution in such a plain, simple picture between trade and culture inside and outside the society. Given a specific environment, Cowen (2002) has failed to recognize that trade does not always lead to the intensification of internationalization or globalization. It does not always bring more wealth, or technology, or cultural blossomings; and a fall in trade does not always mean a fall in terms of diversity. One good proof is the Asian crisis that transpired in the year 1997. In a changing era of globalization, East Asia received much criticism when what was called the ââ¬Ëengine of the worldââ¬â¢ financially collapsed because of some unregulated flows of the global capital. In the same way that Mexico experienced financial collapse in 1994, East Asiaââ¬â¢s version was much worse, since it reached many countries like Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Korea. This is an economic collapse, and the crisis was brought about through the globalization of the financial markets, where local banks and finance companies subjected more on foreign loans that, by 1996, were much loaded with non-performing loans. This gives the conclusion that, despite successful trade and commerce industry, an exchange of goods does not always lead to the intensification of internationalization or globalization. It does not always bring more wealth, and although it can intensify technology, diversity, and cultural blossomings, it can degrade wealth at the same time. The lens used by Cowen Cowenââ¬â¢s paradigm sets the thought that cultural diversity is being formed, transformed, and reformed out of a societyââ¬â¢s trade and commerce industry. His lens is better than that used by the Darwinians, which is a way of saying that the strong and favorable characteristics of a cultural society are transmitted for adaptation to another trading society; while the weak and unfavorable characteristics of that cultural society tend to diminish against adaptation within the spectrum of the other society. Cowenââ¬â¢s lens appear to be more concrete and detailedââ¬âlike a microscopic device that takes into account how individuals react, what are the changes, or which characteristics are maintained. More flexibly, he takes into account the true complexity of the environmentââ¬âwith individuals or societies that have the ability to choose which ones are to be accepted or left behind. It shapes the cultural self by making a decision on which kind of diversity globalization should be allowed to bring. Thus, cultural diversity do not just strengthen or weaken but forms, transforms, and reforms itself. Homogenization and heterogenization can blend together, and the type of diversity that springs forth out of the interaction is influenced by the members of the trading societies. Cowenââ¬â¢s lens are, in a way, similar to the lens used by Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick, when he stated in his book entitled Anarchy, State, and Utopia that the ââ¬Å"market society offered a cultural utopia based on freedom of choiceâ⬠(Cowen, 2002, p. 2). He portrayed in his paper about a ââ¬Ëlibertarianââ¬â¢ world, where individuals have the freedom to choose their own lifestyles, mores, and their culture (p. 2). Cowen has criticized this, as he raised the question on ââ¬Å"how much choice actually is available in the marketâ⬠(p. 2). True, there are not many choices left for a society that has done almost everything in coming up with the best type of environment (not precisely cultural environment) that would be best for the society. Yet for those that have much more left to do, there are a thousand choices that can be used in improving the state of their environment. The market, still, has its own liberty. Conclusion ââ¬Å"[T]he market does in fact expand our positive liberties and increase the menu of choice. If not, the freedom to engage in marketplace exchange will stand in conflict with other notions of freedomâ⬠¦ More generally, the question at stake is what kinds of freedom are possible in the modern world. â⬠ââ¬âCowen, 2002, p. 4 The lens used by Cowen (2002) is far better than that used by the Darwinians. Despite the fact that Cowen (2002) supports the Darwinian Theory that everything utterly revolves around ââ¬Ënatural selectionââ¬â¢ in the society, he supports the idea that there are meaningful ways on how trading societies influence one anotherââ¬â¢s culture and traits. His views, however, has failed to acknowledge the following statements: first, that trade and commerce do not always lead to wealth, technology, or cultural blossomings; second, that trade and commerce do not always lead to an intensified state of internationalization; third, that trade and commerce do not always lead to an intensified state of globalization; fourth, that a failing finance, due to failure in trade and commerce, does not precisely mean failure in terms of diversity or creative production; fifth and final, that liberty is exceedingly available, especially to societies that have much more to improve. Cowenââ¬â¢s lens is more focused on the surrounding environment of the West. Despite being more concrete and detailed, it has failed to take into account the meaningful ways that people can approach the state of liberty, which people can have, especially concerning trade, commerce, and even culture. Cowenââ¬â¢s book has given enough evidence to prove that trade and culture undergoes a two-way process that is resilient and ongoing, as it changes the environment inside and outside the society. It is not a simple interaction, however, and we can say that failure in terms of trade and commerce could be the effect of a failure in terms of wise and proper execution of choice and liberty. As citizens carry the most significant roles in a society, the choice on whether culture will be formed, transformed, or reformed lies on their bare hands. How to cite Tyler Cowenââ¬â¢s Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World, Papers Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-77156856418302900642020-05-05T14:51:00.001-07:002020-05-05T14:51:10.879-07:00Essay On Much Madness Is Divinest Sense Essay Example For Students Essay On Much Madness Is Divinest Sense Essay Ashley WhitfieldProfessor BrusterEnglish 102, Section 5317 April 2000The Divinity of NonconformistsCrazy, lunatic, mad. these are words that have become part of societyââ¬â¢s everydayvocabulary. Though they are psychological in nature, they are often applied to people andobjects that may not fit into the every day norm. In Emily Dickinsonââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Much Madness isdivinest Sense,â⬠Dickinson criticizes societyââ¬â¢s inability to accept non-conformist andexpresses the belief that it is the majority who should be labeled as, ââ¬Å"mad.â⬠In the lyrical poem ââ¬Å"Much Madness is divinest Sense,â⬠Dickinson concentrates onsocietyââ¬â¢s judgmental views of non-conformists. Dickinson utilizes iambic tetrameterthroughout the entire poem. There is, however, one exception; she uses two anapests inline 4: ââ¬Å" ââ¬ËTis the Majority.â⬠By changing the rhythm in this line, Dickinson emphasizesthat it is the majority who is truly mad, and not the minority who have been wronglylabeled so. Dickinsonââ¬â¢s quick switch from iambic tetrameter to anapestic also emphasizesthe subject matter nonconformity because it interrupts the flow of the poem. She alsocoheres to the subject of nonconformity in the rhyme scheme. Although it appears to bewritten in free verse, ââ¬Å"Much Madness is divinest Senseâ⬠does contain a small element ofrhyme. The poem has an A B A C D E A D rhyme. For instance, the words ââ¬Å"Sense,â⬠ââ¬Å"Madness,â⬠and ââ¬Å"dangerousâ⬠all rhyme, as well as the words ââ¬Å"saneâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Chainâ⬠(1,3,7,6,8). This unique rhyme scheme, once again, adheres to the subject matter ofnon-conformity. It is jagged and different like the individuals that society views as ââ¬Å"mad.â⬠In ââ¬Å"Much Madness is divinest Sense,â⬠Dickinson distinguishes between madnessand sanity: the beliefs of the majority are sane, whereas those who dissent are consideredinsane. In the first two lines, Dickinson asserts, ââ¬Å"Much Madness is divinest Sense /To a Whitfield 2discerning Eye -/.â⬠In these lines she is declaring that it is the nonconformist who is trulyblessed with sensibility and logic to people with insight and understanding. ThenDickinson goes on to say that ââ¬Å"Much Sense the starkest Madness -/ ââ¬ËTis the Majority,â⬠meaning that those who are viewed in society as having ââ¬Å"much sense,â⬠or conformists,have absolute ââ¬Å"Madnessâ⬠(3,4). In the last four lines of the octave, ââ¬Å"In this, as all prevail / Assent and you are sane / Demur youââ¬â¢re straightway dangerous / And handledwith a Chain -,â⬠Dickinson goes on to say that one can be sure that if a person conforms tosociety, or ââ¬Å"assents,â⬠then they are viewed as sane, but if they hesitate to conform in theleast then they are viewed as dangerous and society would like nothing more than to lockthem away. The use of paradoxes in ââ¬Å"Much Madness is divinest Senseâ⬠is another techniquewhich Dickinson takes advantage of. The whole poem compares ââ¬Å"madnessâ⬠and ââ¬Å"senseâ⬠which are opposite in meaning. Though these words are opposites, Dickinson finds aconnection in meaning; while society views conformists as sane and nonconformists asmad, it is actually the nonconformist who is sane and the conformists who are mad,making the entire subject matter of the poem paradoxical. Dickinson also utilizessynecdoche and metaphor; ââ¬Å"To a discerning Eye-â⬠(2). The ââ¬Å"discerning Eye,â⬠she isspeaking of is the vehicle and the tenor is simply a logical person (2). Dickinson alsometaphorically states, ââ¬Å"Demur youââ¬â¢re straightway dangerous / and handled with aChain -â⬠(7,8). The chain the hesitant person is handled with is the vehicle, while the tenoris societyââ¬â¢s desire to get rid of nonconformists, or unique individuals. Another interestingpoetic device Dickinson employs is that of point of view. She utilizes third person limitedpoint of view throughout the poem, however in the last two lines she speaks of societyââ¬â¢spoint of view calling those who ââ¬Å"demur.. .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da , .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da .postImageUrl , .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da , .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da:hover , .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da:visited , .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da:active { border:0!important; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da:active , .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u272a6cad44a6d51b6461bb1e74fc45da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lincoln Essay. straightway dangerous.â⬠It is not Dickinson whofeels that those who hesitate to conform are dangerous, but society. By expressing Whitfield 3societyââ¬â¢s point of view in such sharp contrast with her own, Dickinson makes the readersee that ââ¬Å"much madnessâ⬠really is ââ¬Å"divinest sense. â⬠The unity of ââ¬Å"Much Madness is divinest Senseâ⬠is incredible. In just eight shortlines, Dickson covers and analyzes not only her own ideals, but also compares them tothose of society. Dickinson is able to do this in such a small amount of lines because of hercoherence to the subject matter throughout the poem. She unifies the subject matter ofnonconformity in rhythm, rhyme, and style. Because madness and nonconformity arejagged and asperous, her style reflects that. The style and unification of the poem reflectthe subject matter as well as the content does. Dickinson also uses broken punctuation,piercing her sentences with dashes. Once again, her punctuation illustrates her subjectmatter; as society views the nonconformist as mad and jagged, her punctuation is jaggedas well. Just as a mad man would not be able to think in a fluent way, the poem is brokenand unsteady as his thoughts would be. Her unification of the poem brings the style,rhythm, and rhyme scheme together with the subject matter.Dickinsonââ¬â¢s ideals in this poem are very valuable because she forces the reader tocompare his thinking with that of societyââ¬â¢s. She makes one self-evaluate if they arejudgmental towards unique individuals and if they themselves are losing their uniquenessby conforming to society which is embracing true madness. It is reason, that I feel ââ¬Å"MuchMadness is divinest Senseâ⬠has incredible worth and literary merit. In just eight linesDickinson not only changes oneââ¬â¢s perception, but forces a kind of self-evaluation. Notonly this, but Dickinson illustrates poetic skill in the unity of the poem. She makes herpoem unique and ââ¬Å"mad,â⬠so to speak, to reiterate her subject matter. Because Dickinsonaccomplishes so much in only eight lines, it cannot be argued that the poem has literarymerit. Poetry Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-32216312599257873212020-04-01T18:07:00.001-07:002020-04-01T18:07:03.026-07:00The Privatization or Commodification of Water Introduction For a long time, ethics has been seen as the study of what comprises good and bad conduct which includes the values that influence the conduct. Generally, contemporary culture has given humans unprecedented liberty and prosperity which has necessitated the growth of the concept of ethics.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Privatization or Commodification of Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business ethics on the other hand has existed in the form of reflection on the ethical dimensions of business exchanges and institutions whereby the concept has been understood in two distinctive ways, where one group views it from the background of philosophy while the other group views it from the background of business community (Brenkert and Beauchamp 3). These two approaches are not exclusive, but the philosophical approach appears to be the broader of the two. In all cases, it becomes importa nt to appreciate the fact that moral problems and the process of analyzing them invites different forms of useful analysis. Water forms an essential commodity that ensures continuity of life, though for a long time no systematic way has been elaborated in appreciating its value (Brown and Schmidt 3). For long, people have regarded water as a renewable commodity that has potential to develop without limit. With the larger society utilizing water in different ways such as irrigation, energy and burgeoning urban centers, the reality is now clearer that like just other renewable commodities, water is a finite resource. However, providing answers to modern water problems requires giving answers to questions of value: how should society capture, store or distribute water; at what cost; for whom; and for how long (Brown and Schmidt 4). All these questions are regarded as ethical because just like any other essential resource, determining a fair and just distribution of water has direct eff ects on human and nonhuman lives and also the systems that sustain them. Commodification of water Borgmann argues that the driving force of the contemporary society is the aspect of commodification which is described as, that vital structure of modern society of the market which conveys a sense of moral censure (Borgmann 143). The author, in reference to Viviana Zelizer, states that, ââ¬Å"economic prophets have frequently warned us against global commodification and the loss of the moral-emotional fiber it bringsâ⬠(Borgmann 144). Using the Marxââ¬â¢s concept of commodification, Borgmann first sees the concept to possess the verb to commodify, which to him is ââ¬Å"to draw something from outside the market into the market so that it becomes available for sale and purchaseâ⬠(Borgmann 144).Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marx looked at the various ways in which capitalism perceived the production of things such as wheat, shoes and clothing out of the hands and circumstances of the farmers, artisan and householders, stripped them of their context of skills and persons, of exchanges and uses and made them into commodities (goods) whose importance was reduced to their price. Moreover, Marx became critical of how labor was being converted into something that could be purchased and sold under conditions that only favored the capitalists and made the workers beggars (Borgmann 144); thus, commodification became purely and totally exploitation. The contemporary discussions continue to see the concept of commodification as contested. In such discussions, the broader agreement has remained that, certain goods such as justice should never be for sale (Borgmann 145). But other goods have continued to draw divided opinions. For a long time, goods at issue in this discussion have generally constituted those in Michael Walzerââ¬â¢s list of items which are subject to ââ¬Ëblocked exchangesââ¬â¢: 1) Human beings; 2) political power and influence; 3) criminal justice; 4) freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly; 5) marriage and procreation; 6) the right to leave the political community; 7) exemptions from military service, from jury duty, and from any other form of communally imposed work; 8) political offices; 9) basic welfare services like police protection or primary and secondary schooling; 10) desperate exchanges; 11) prizes and honors of many sorts; 12) divine grace; 13) love and friendship; and 14) a long series of criminal sales (Borgmann p.145). The above list can be complete if addition of certain public goods is made. These public goods are; clean air and clean water, safety from crime, basic health care and public lands. The main argument in disfavor of commodification of public goods is that commodification may leads to social injustice, for instance, if education is totally commodified, the chil dren of the poor will get no education or for them, inferior education will be enough (Borgmann p.145). Commodification of water: Public vs. Private debate There exist two debates that continue to dominate the lives of many people concerning the issue of water. For instance, there are arguments whether water services should remain public or go private. One of the arguments ââ¬Å"is concerned with practical issues of efficiency and economics, and the other is about principleâ⬠(Snitow, Kaufman and Fox p.10). Privatizing water in a country like USA has been a hard venture to undertake. Those opposed to such move include personalities such as Barlow of the Council of Canadians and Tony Clarke of Canadaââ¬â¢s Polaris Institute (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox 10). The two have opposed the move to privatize water in principle and they are convinced that private companies should only get involved in narrow areas of infrastructure development but not allowed to have ownership, control or delivery of the basic service.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Privatization or Commodification of Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To them, the process or actions of commodifying water is generally wrong in terms of ethics, environmental and social (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox p.10). They are on the view that the process will, ââ¬Å"insure that decisions regarding the allocation of water would center on commercial, not environmental or social justice considerations; privatization means that management of water resources is based on principles of scarcity and profit maximization rather than long-term sustainabilityâ⬠(Snitow, Kaufman and Fox 10). Contrary to this position, there is a divergent view which has been adopted by Peter Cook of the National Association of Water Companies who is convinced that if market principles are applicable to other products in the market, then water as a commo dity cannot be exceptional. Cook sees nothing wrong or unethical in making profits from water since the money which has been pumped into the business by the investors is used to benefit customers and provide them with services. Cook sums up his position by quoting the bible by stating that, the bible and especially the Ten Commandments have no provision that prohibits people from making profits, and utilities need to be operated as enterprises (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox pp.10-11). To this extent, ââ¬Å"the practical debate over who can provide water better focuses on the issues of transparency, efficiency, rates, and sustainabilityâ⬠(Snitow, Kaufman and Fox pp.11).. Indeed, most of these values are possible in public controlled enterprises but far more difficult in private owned enterprises or corporations. Ethical dilemma The essence of water being a commodity that sustains life has drawn conflicting debates and reactions on whether it is ethical to commodify and therefore sub ject it to market competition principles. This particular confusion has been precipitated by the actions of United Nations to declare that water is a human right that should be accessible to everyone. The question that arises is; are their moral consequences that arise as a result of commodifying water and hence its availability and accessibility largely become determined by market mechanisms? Ethical lapse In most cases, ethical lapse can be categorized into three groups: deception, stealing and harming (Howard and Korver 13). There exists many variants to these but the mentioned three have come out as the most wrongdoings which people commit.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lying has been described in many ways that include: doctor, cover up, overstate, understate, misinform, misguide or stretch the truth (Howard and Korver p.14). additionally, the act of lying has psychological costs, for example, when individuals lie there is always a clash between their values and who they are; lying also creates barriers in relationships and soils self-image of an individual (Howard and Korver p.15). Moral reasoning The contemporary society is faced with a situation where people are facing dilemma on various ethical decisions and as a result there have been numerous methods of moral reasoning. Moral reasoning has taken center stage in various social issues as people continue to debate on what is right and what is wrong or what ought to be or not be done. In most cases many people are convinced that it is not necessary the principles which determine what is right or wrong, but the consequences produced by the actions in question (Rae p.81). When a particular course of action or decision produces the best set of consequences, then to majority such actions need to be allowed and accepted. In other words the action(s) that produces the greatest balance of benefits over harms is the one that is considered as the most moral. Generally actions considered right or wrong (morality) should depend on the situation and also on what the cultural consensus of right and wrong is at that time. In the case of commodifying water, if the society and hence culture reaches consensus that water commodification is wrong then it would be morally wrong to commodify or privatize water. Ethical approaches Utilitarianism ethics Utilitarianism ethics postulate that morality of an act is determined by the end result. From this observation, utilitarianism conviction is that the moral choice is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people or at the same time the moral choice is the course of action that produces more good consequences than harmf ul ones. Utilitarianism sometimes is regarded as consequentialism ethics due to its emphasis on the consequences of an action. Jeremy Bentham, one of the philosophers credited to utilitarianism believed in hedonistic utilitarianism which postulates that ââ¬Å"the most moral acts are those that maximize pleasure and minimize painâ⬠(Rae p.85). On the other hand John Mill, another believer of utilitarianism ethics established his approach which differed from that of Bentham which was general concept of maximizing the general happiness, or what he termed as the greatest good for the greatest number. Hence ethics can be seen as the art of directing the actions of people so as to bring about the greatest possible happiness to all those who are concerned with these actions. As a result, Bentham observed that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of its members. In sum the utilitarianism principle hold that, ââ¬Å"an action is right from an ethical point of view if and only if the sum total of utilities produced by that act is greater than the sum total of utilities produced by any other act the agent could have performed in its placeâ⬠(Fernando p.34). Water commodification can be analyzed within the precepts of utilitarianism ethics where business principles can take a backseat to consequences, if on balance, commodification of water provides more beneficial consequences for more people then utilitarianism ethics consider it to be the most moral choice. Evaluation of actions needs to be made on the basis of benefits or harms the action(s) will bring upon human beings. The morality of the theory is that, individual or an organization performing particular actions need to impartially take into account interests of everyone on equal basis. Kantian ethics Kant was convinced that morality should be derived from recognition that people share a common human condition and what makes humans valuable and special is their ability to re ason and that moral rules based on reason should govern human behavior. To Kant moral rules need to be based on tradition, intuition, desire, conscience, emotion and sympathy and that free will among humans comes from their ability to reason and prompts them to develop rules for moral behavior which in turn can be applicable universally disregarding utilitarianism consequences. The moral rules established needs to recognize the fact that all people have a certain human dignity and therefore they should be accorded respect as autonomous beings (Fernando p.35). According to Kant moral ethics, an action is only moral for an individual in a certain situation if, and only if, the individualââ¬â¢s reason for carrying out the action is one that he or she would be willing to have every person act on in any similar situation. At the same time moral worth would not be attached to an action motivated singularly to promote individual interests or for pleasure and that if an action is wrong f or other people, it is wrong for any one person. For Kant an action is regarded morally worth if it reflects a good will and it is only when individuals act from duty that their actions are regarded to be moral worth. As a result Kant believes that ethics should be grounded in reason alone and not on human nature (Fernando p.35). Ethicality in commodifying water On November 27 2002, United Nation declared water to be a human right for the first time and went a head to require states to adopt key legal mechanisms that would ensure this fundamental right is achieved (Sierra Club par. 1). From UN observation, the conviction was that privatizing water could not be achieved since it is impossible to marry the profit motive of a private enterprise and the necessity and importance of a commodity like water which many people require in order to survive (utilitarianism). The conclusion is that the issue of rendering water as a private thing should be done away from the market place since wat er belongs to earth, to all species, to the future generation and in this regard no one has the right to commodify water for personal (deontological) or corporate gain (Sierra Club par. 1). On advancing this claim, the Cochabamba Declaration of December 8, 2000, which brought together interested parties aimed at ensuring the privatization of water, was not achieved (welfare concern). To cement and solidify their claim the group came up with key points to be observed which turned out to constitute the Cochabamba Declaration (Sierra Club par. 4). To the group access to water is the fundamental right of every human and all humans are required to respect nature as they use water given by the earth. The three main points formulated were: Water was described to belong to the earth and also to all species of the world and that water need to be regarded as sacred to life, and from this view the water of the world needs to be conserved, reclaimed and put under adequate protection in order t o ensure the future generation is safe; Water was described as fundamental human right and also as a public trust that needs to be guarded by all structures of the government and as a result it should not be commodified, privatized or commercially traded; lastly Water can be best protected by local communities and people and who must be given equal respect as partners of various governments in the process of protecting and regulating water (Sierra Club par. 5). Conclusion Water ethic has developed in many societies as a result of continued efforts by enterprises and corporation to commodifying water. As a result, in most societies specifically the developed ones, water ethics commodification and privatization with marginalized access to water continue to raise key questions such as: Can water be sustainably managed while the global financial institutions and transnational corporations possess the means to do so? How can the empowerment of public and rights of people over water be r estored? How can global skills, capital and user practices are reconciled with the need and desire for control over water of local people? Such questions give an impression of how fundamental ethics has become essential in addressing the issue of water commodification. Ethical reasoning in regards to water will ensure proper, efficient and sustainable use of water despite its scarcity in nature. Works Cited Borgmann, Albert. Real American ethics: taking responsibility for our country. IL, University of Chicago Press. 2006. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=fJJccik-SRECpg=PA145dq=Ethics+of+commodification+of+waterhl=enei=zQZpTPagL5H34gb75pyZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=Ethics%20of%20commodification%20of%20waterf=false. Brenkert, George G. and Beauchamp, Tom L. The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics. NY, Oxford University Press US. 2009. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qn1BDj7SRUsCpg=PA78dq=Ethics+of+commodification+ of+waterhl=enei=GvJoTPmcB4aS4gb6npCZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9ved=0CFkQ6AEwCA#v=onepageqf=false. Brown, Peter G. and Schmidt, Jeremy J. Water Ethics: Foundational Readings for Students and Professionals. NW, Island Press. 2010. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=fwFXY-vAwNsCpg=PA161dq=Ethics+of+commodification+of+waterhl=enei=GvJoTPmcB4aS4gb6npCZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepageqf=false. Fernando, A. C. Business Ethics: An Indian Perspective. New Delhi, Pearson Education India, 2009. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=A-k_uWkGCEUCpg=PA35dq=business+ethics+theorieshl=enei=Od1rTLK0EcHT4wa4ncDkAgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=business%20ethics%20theoriesf=false. Howard, Ronald A. and Korver, Clinton D. Ethics for the real world: creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life. MA, Harvard Business Press. 2008. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=OqnrtQFfXb0Cpr intsec=frontcoverdq=Ethics+for+the+Real+World.hl=enei=RBtqTKP8LZCl4Qan5OCaAQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false. Rae, Scott B. Moral Choices: An Introduction to Ethics. MI, Zondervan, 2000. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=n55iiynlwmMCpg=PA77dq=moral+reasoninghl=enei=1sVrTN_nHMKk4Qb9kJz3Agsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=8ved=0CFMQ6AEwBw#v=onepageq=moral%20reasoningf=false. Sierra Club. Corporate Water Privatization: Water is a Human Right not a Commodity. 2008. 16 August 2010. http://www.sierraclub.org/committees/cac/water/human_right/. Snitow, Allan, Kaufman, Deborah and Fox, Michael. Thirst: fighting the corporate theft of our water. CA, John Wiley and Sons. 2007. 16 August 2010.https://books.google.com/books?id=wyW30HVewtACpg=PA10dq=Ethics+of+commodification+of+waterhl=enei=tiNpTMXOIuTT4waqqZiZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CC0Q6AEwATgK#v=onepageq=Ethics%20of%20commodification%20of%20waterf=false. This research paper on The Privatization or Commodification of Water was written and submitted by user Londyn F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-53419362107328660492020-03-07T23:54:00.001-08:002020-03-07T23:54:03.280-08:00Homosexuality SameHomosexuality Same Homosexuality: Same-sex Marriage and Homosexuality Essay Why so Differently? Being different colour, shape, gender, a different culture is like being gay; being different, but if we are allowed to be different colours, be any shape, be any gender, or even come from any different culture, then why are people not allowed being homosexual? James M. Barrie once said ââ¬Å"As soon as you can say what you think and not what some other person has thought for you, you are on the way to being remarkableâ⬠. Being different is not very hard but accepting that you are, is challenging. Throughout the class we watched many different documentaries on marginalized voices and one of them was about marginalizing homosexuality because of religion. In my opinion homosexuality should not be marginalized because: Everyone has equal rights; they do not harm other people; and a lot of religions allow it. In 2004, Canada legalized same sex marriage. Where homosexuals were given rights to get married. We live in a world where an individual is allowed to free and do anything it wants, and by anything meaning anything that is legally allowed. If we, straight people are given rights to take part in marriage and be looked as a normal couple then why canââ¬â¢t a homosexual who loves another gay person be able to be together? Or even be respected as a normal couple? It is only because they are the same gender. When there is a black and white couple, society does not say anything or even when a mixed marriage is happening where the two cultures are different, still not a sound, but when it comes to a gay couple everyone starts talking. An individual is given the right to be gay, straight or whatever therefore people should not have anything to say or do towards that specific individual. When watching the documentary ââ¬Å"Cure for Loveâ⬠there was this one scene where Jon mentioned h ow he started cutting himself after coming back from the ex-gays and he came out as being gay. He said that he was doing that because of the pressure from his family and friends, how they would never speak to him if he was to continue being gay. Society says that homosexuals are not the right kind of people but it is not like we play our part and help them out, but yet get these kind of people into situations where they start committing suicide or just hurt themselves just like how Jon started doing only because ââ¬Å"weâ⬠do not like the fact that the same sex couple want to be together. Instead we are the one harming them. Personal meaning you own. If a person wants to be gay that is not your problem. You have nothing to do with it. We as individuals are allowed to have the right to have an opinion but that should not have an effect on anyone but your own self. If a person wants to be gay let him/her be, there is no power that could stop them other than themselves. Going way back when there was no such thing as homosexuality to now where a lot are gay, the majority of the society seems to be accepting homosexuality more so the lesbian part of it. In one of our class discussions we talked about how nowadays people have nothing to say when it comes to lesbians but still do not like gays. In cure for love Jon, Brian, and Anna, the three struggled throughout the movie because they had to choose either they want religion or to be gay and be able to practise their religion. Brian and Anna chose to follow their religion and not be homosexuals but Jon found another way where he could follow his religion and be gay. Brian who is married to Anna, he seems really positive and happy as a straight married couple, but Anna, throughout the movie she looked depressing and disappointed almost as though she was forced to marry Brian and now she cannot do anything. Anna seemed like she wanted to be single, straight and practice her religion but for her to do that she had to marry Brian. Many religions around the world allow homosexuality and many do not. This is where it gets hard, let alone friends, family and everything else; I feel that when it comes to Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-22969450992157440262020-02-20T15:19:00.001-08:002020-02-20T15:19:03.200-08:00Cell Phones Should Be Allowed in Class AssignmentCell Phones Should Be Allowed in Class - Assignment Example Cell phones have enormous benefits to offer to the society and its members and thus individuals expect to be able to use them every one. One setting where cell phones have been enormously criticized is in classrooms. Although cell phones have been criticized, this technology should be allowed in classrooms because this technology enhances learning, security, and connectivity.à Mobile phones should be allowed in classrooms because these devices enhance learnerââ¬â¢s learning. Those who oppose this technology in classrooms believe that this technology is an obstacle in learning because this technology diverts the attention of the student from what is being taught in the class. These devices do not become an obstacle to learning what is being taught, they rather support and enhance the understanding of the course material. There are many instances when even the instructors fail to provide information relevant to the course material. In such instances, cell phones allow individuals to search for information in connection with course material and this information does not only benefits the user, this information even benefits other class members and the instructor. According to Ferriter, mobile phones can be used in classrooms to replace essential classroom supplies (Ferriter 1). Ferriter states that while conducting a lab experiment students required timers to time their experiments. There were insufficient timers to help the students, so mobile phones were used as timers and this activity allowed cell phones to perform various functions such as helping students in locating definitions and sharing of knowledge with other students through texting.à Security is one of the major issues that have been addressed by the use of cell phones. When students are restricted in a classroom they are unaware of the happening in the world outside the classroom. Due to this students face security issues as information regarding negative events taking place outside the classr oom is essential for students to take preventive measures while returning to their homes. Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-31276914710505831452020-02-04T21:58:00.001-08:002020-02-04T21:58:02.792-08:00The Critiquing Process in Developing Reliable and Valid Body of EssayThe Critiquing Process in Developing Reliable and Valid Body of Knowledge - Essay Example According to their first hypothesis, the coaches of different genders (male or female) would react upon the RLSS differently in leadership behaviors. On the other hand, the second hypothesis refers to the occurrence of differences on the RLSS among different coaching levels that include college, high-school and junior-high. Summary The data forming the sample was non-random, which comprise of 162 coaches being selected on the volunteer basis. There were 118 (73%) male coaches and 44 (27%) female coaches with in the sample. In relation to the level of coaching, the sample included 25 (15%) junior-high coaches, 99 (61%) high-school coaches and 38 (24%) college-level coaches. Although this makes a good sample however the issue is in the distribution of the sample, particularly, the sample number for the junior-high-level coaches is relatively low. Instead, a larger sample constituting all categories of coaches would have been helpful in the analysis of the data, especially in the case o f the potential interaction of gender with the level of coaching. The tool employed was the Revised Leadership for Sport Scale that was created by Zhang, Jensen and Mann (1997). The RLSS can be used to evaluate the 6 leadership behaviors that include training and instructional behavior, autocratic behavior, democratic behavior, social support behavior, situational consideration behavior and positive feedback behavior. Sixty statements were used in the scale, being preceded by the phrase, ââ¬ËIn coaching, Iââ¬â¢. Each one of these 60 statements were accompanied by a Likert scale that is: 1 for ââ¬Ëneverââ¬â¢, 2 for ââ¬Ëseldomââ¬â¢, 3 for ââ¬Ëoccasionallyââ¬â¢, 4 for ââ¬Ëoftenââ¬â¢, and 5 for ââ¬Ëalwaysââ¬â¢. This constructed a data set of ordinal level of measurement. Scales were monitored according to various environmental settings such as the gymnasiums, the fields of practice, the classrooms and the offices. The internal consistency was estimate d for each type of leadership behavior, which corresponds to 84 % for training and instructional behavior, 70 % for autocratic behavior, 66 % for democratic behavior, 52 % for social support behavior, 69 % for situational consideration behavior and 78 % for positive feedback behavior. Nevertheless, there was no information provided in relation to the validity of RLSS. Evaluation & Review In order to analyze the data, a MANOVA was employed for the Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-20151661601379985212020-01-27T18:22:00.001-08:002020-01-27T18:22:06.145-08:00Flumequine and BalofloxacinFlumequine and Balofloxacin Made by LAB GROUP: F2 Lab Instructors: T.A/ Spring 2015 Table of Contents: Introduction on (Flumequine) pg. 3 and (Balofloxacin) pg. 4 Discussion on (Flumequine) pg. 5, 6, 7 and (Balofloxacin) pg. 8, 9, 10 Conclusion pg. 11 Reference pg. 12 Flumequine: The first of the quinolone family is the nalidixic acid. The drug was followed by the floroquinolones including flumequine which is a 1st generation agent in the floroquinolones. The first generation including flumequine had a variety of problems such as: Limited activity poor distribution tendon ruptures Hepatotoxicity and additive effect on neurological disorders ex: myasthenia gravis All of the first generation drugs were used for the treatment of infections in the urinary tract. The benzo quinolzine (flumequine) was invented in 1973 by (rikker labs) a german inventors. Flumequine is known to be the first of the quinolone family to include a fluoride at carbon number six on the skeleton of the quinolone compound. Although flumequine is basically the first of all floroquinolones it is frequently overlooked upon classification of this class of drugs through generations; it was omitted from the list. It is more often used for the treatment of farm animals and on certain cases pets. And as follows the use in humans is for infections in the urinary tract. It was originally used only for urinary tract infections until reports of toxicity were filed reporting anaphylactic shock and degrees of damage in the liver. The (FDA) food and drug administration made a request on all the quinolone and floroquinolone boxes to be delivered to contain a black boxed warning thus, noti fying the risks of sudden ruptures in the tendon which basically includes the flumequine. As well letters were sent to physicians based on the FDA's request to notify the doctors. The tendon complications were also exhibited in flumequine. The majority of floroquinolone generic versions did not include the black boxed warning in 2009 September as well some reports were filed to claim that this information was never distributed or shared among pharmacists and some products to this day still are shipped without the warning or medication guide that the physicians and pharmacists can distribute. Uses (licensed): Infections in the urinary tract Balofloxacin: Balofloxacin is often potent as an antibacterial agent. It has a broad spectrum bactericidal activity. It is less toxic than other fluoroquinolones. The distinction between a quinolone drug and a fluoroquinolone drug is the addition of fluorine to the basic pharmacophore, which causes a fluorinated drug. Quinolones and fluoroquinolones terms are often used interchangeably regardless of this distinction. Balofloxacin is a third generation fluoroquinolone. A meta-analysis of skin infections and fluoroquinolones showed that the fluoroquinolones are more associated with unfavorable reactions than beta lactam. However, the increase was due to a slight to moderate rate of nausea and diarrhea higher. Enough to cause serious side effects withdrawal of the trial occurred at similar rates. Rarely, fluoroquinolones have been associated with serious and adverse effects on the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, circulatory system, the maxillofacial system, endocrine system, gastrointestinal system the urological system, liver, brain, skin, and sensory systems such as sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. After a single dose toxic reactions had been reported to occur. Uses: Uncomplicated infections of the urinary tract Chemical structure: Flumequine: Chemical structure and formula: C (14) H (12) F (1) N (1) O (3) IUPAC name: 9-fluoro -6, 7 dihydro -5 methyl -1 oxo -1H, 5H -benzo quinolizine -2- carboxylic acid Mode of action: Flumequine is mainly an antibiotic that is broad spectrum and mostly active against gram positive bacteria and gram negative. Mechanism works through the inhibition of gyrase DNA, topoisomerase specifically type 2 and type 4; they are enzymes that are responsible for bacterial DNA segregation therefore by inhibiting them the bacteria cannot replicate hence, inhibition of cell division. This mechanism might also alter mammalian cell division. Basically the drugs of high activity could lead to toxic effects in mammals. The report of DNA damage was first filed in 1986, its mechanism of cytotoxicity is still unknown. Dosage forms: For veterinary forms: Oral solutions (10-20%) prescription required For human forms: Oral tablets (400mg) notice: it is discontinued 20% solution Tablet formulation stopped Synthesis of flumequine: Structure activity relationship (SAR): The fluorine that is present at carbon number six which enhances the inhibition of gyrase and cellular penetration. The carbon number seven constituent was found to control cell permeability according to the properties of the constituent. Substitution of N number 1 is essential in obtaining the anti-bacterial properties. The introduction of a butyl group at N number 1 enhances the activity against the gram positive bacteria and little or minimal reduction of activity against gram negative bacteria. At position two the addition of nitrogen did show an improvement of the pharmacokinetic properties. At positions 4 and 3 they do have a link with the keto and carboxylic group which is an essential thing for binding to the gyrase DNA. At position number 5 the substitution by small groups like amino, nitro, halogens and alkyl groups could improve the tissue distribution and absorption. Though suggestions were raised that the substitution at position 5 could decrease the anti-bacterial properties. At position 6 the substitution by F, H, Br, Cl, nitro, methyl and Cyanide would actually increase the potency of anti-bacterial activity by means of improving the binding and penetration abilities. Metabolism: Flumequine is known to have good absorption thus, well absorbed and is mainly excreted in feces and urine as a glucuronide conjugates according to the parent drug and active ingredient of metabolism which is flumequine 7-hydroxy. The drug is eliminated within 168 hours after dosing. Major residue was found in chickens, pigs and sheep to be in the form of flumequine 7-hydroxy it was found in minimal amounts. The detection of the parent drug was only found in trout. Metabolism can be summarized as well absorbed and metabolized in the liver. Balofloxacin: IUPAC: 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methylaminopiperidin-1-yl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Synthesis: Mode of action First and second generation fluoroquinolone selectively inhibit the field of ligase topoisomerase II, leaving two areas nuclease intact. This modification, combined with the constant action in the bacterial cell by topoisomerase II, results in fragmentation of DNA through nuclease activity domains of intact enzymes. fluoroquinolones that are third and fourth generation are more selective for the ligase domain topoisomerase IV and therefore improved the gram positive coverage. Fluoroquinolones can enter cells through porins easily thus, could be used for the treatment of pathogens that are intracellular such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Too many bacteria that are gram-negative, the target is the DNA gyrase, in turn the topoisomerase IV is the target of many Gram-positive bacteria. Some compounds of this class were found to inhibit the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. Dosage forms: Tablets 100-400 mg oral Metabolism: Pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin, the new fluoroquinolone, was a study conducted on mice, dogs and rats through liquid chromatography (high-performance). The bioavailabilities oral means of balofloxacin it was obtained through calculation of the AUC (area under the curve) after intravenous and oral in mice, rats and dogs 87.50 and 87.73%, respectively, suggesting that was absorbed almost entirely balofloxacin in rats and dogs, but not in mice after single oral administration. The average elimination half-life in plasma after intravenous injection in mice, rats and dogs are 0.92, 1.33 and 6.38 hours, respectively. I mean cumulative urinary excretion rate unchanged balofloxacin within 24 hours of oral administration of balofloxacin in dogs, mice and rats respectively. May secrete a small part of the metabolism in the urine as glucuronide balofloxacin and N-desmethyl balofloxacin in these species. After oral administration of balofloxacin in a dose of 100 mg / kg in rats, and was for a long period of absorption compared with those after administration in doses of 5 and 20 mg / kg. The plasma concentration-time profiles and pharmacological parameters of balofloxacin in male mice similar to those found in female mice, suggesting a lack of sex-related differences. Once a day for 21 days, multiple departments were not affected by this drug in mice of balofloxacin formations. Structure activity relationship (SAR): The fluorine that is present at carbon number six which enhances the inhibition of gyrase and cellular penetration. The carbon number seven constituent was found to control cell permeability according to the properties of the constituent. Substitution of N number 1 is essential in obtaining the anti-bacterial properties. The introduction of a butyl group at N number 1 enhances the activity against the gram positive bacteria and little or minimal reduction of activity against gram negative bacteria. The addition at position two of nitrogen did show an improvement of the pharmacokinetic properties. They do have a link at positions 4 and 3 with the keto and carboxylic group which is an essential thing for binding to the gyrase DNA. The substitution at position number 5 by small groups like amino, nitro, halogens and alkyl groups could improve the tissue distribution and absorption. Though suggestions were raised that the substitution at position 5 could decrease the anti-bacterial properties. The substitution at position 6 by F, H, Br, Cl, nitro, methyl and Cyanide would actually increase the potency of anti-bacterial activity by means of improving the binding and penetration abilities. Conclusion: Flumequine: It is a first generation fluoroquinolone Well absorbed orally and metabolized hepatically (glucuronide conjugates) Discontinued due to dangerous adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity Veterinary use only Black box warning Is used for UTI but discontinued in humans Mechanism of action is inhibition of DNA gyrase, less selective than third generation drugs and lower gram positive activity Was administered orally as tablets for human use but discontinued and mainly now as solutions for veterinary use Excreted in feces and urine . Balofloxacin: It is a third generation fluoroquinolone Well absorbed orally and minimal hepatic metabolism It is very useful because it has less adverse effects than other fluoroquinolones Human use No black box warning due to minimal side effects Mainly used for uncomplicated UTI Same mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones (Inhibition of DNA gyrase) more selective and improved gram positive activity due to 3rd generation properties Orally administered in the form of tablets Excreted in feces and urine Reference: Chemspider, Flumequine Available at: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.3257.html (Accessed: 12 April, 2015) FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of The United States, Flumequine, Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/w8338e/w8338e0a.htm (Accessed: 12 April, 2015) NCBI, Structure Activity relationships of The Fluoroquinolones, Anti microb Agents Chemother (1989) pages: 131-135 Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC171443/ (Accessed: 12 April, 2015) World Public Library, Flumequine Available at: http://www.netlibrary.net/articles/flumequine#Mode_of_action (Accessed: 12 April, 2015) Medicine India. Balofloxacin Pharmacology. Available at: https://www.medicineindia.org/pharmacology-for-generic/2923/balofloxacin (Accessed: 13 April, 2015) NCBI. Pharmacokinetics of the new fluoroquinolone balofloxacin in mice, rats, and dogs. (1995). Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7646579 (Accessed: 13 April, 2015) WHO. Medical reference publication. (2005). PDF, Available at: http://www.netlibrary.net/eBooks/WPLBN0000173166.aspx (Accessed: 13 April, 2015) Drugs and Pharmacology. Balofloxacin. (2013). Available at: http://drugsandpharmacology.blogspot.com/2013/03/balofloxacin.html (Accessed: 13 April, 2015) 1 Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-76957250632503736952020-01-19T14:46:00.001-08:002020-01-19T14:46:02.380-08:00The Work of Cindy Sherman :: Photography Photographer No other artist has ever made as extended or complex career of presenting herself to the camera as has Cindy Sherman. Yet, while all of her photographs are taken of Cindy Sherman, it is impossible to class call her works self-portraits. She has transformed and staged herself into as unnamed actresses in undefined B movies, make-believe television characters, pretend porn stars, undifferentiated young women in ambivalent emotional states, fashion mannequins, monsters form fairly tales and those which she has created, bodies with deformities, and numbers of grotesqueries. Her work as been praised and embraced by both feminist political groups and apolitical mainstream art. Essentially, Shermanââ¬â¢s photography is part of the culture and investigation of sexual and racial identity within the visual arts since the 1970ââ¬â¢s. It has been said that, ââ¬Å"The bulk of her workâ⬠¦has been constructed as a theater of femininity as it is formed and informed by mass cultureâ⬠¦ (her) pictures insist on the aporia of feminine identity tout court, represented in her pictures as a potentially limitless range of masquerades, roles, projectionsâ⬠(Sobieszek 229). Born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, Cindy Sherman grew up in suburban Huntington Beach on Long Island, the youngest of five children and had a regular American childhood. She was very self-involved, found of costumes, and given to spending hours at the mirror, playing with makeup (Schjeldahl 7). Cindy Sherman attended the state University College at Buffalo, New York, where she first started to create art in the medium of painting. During her college years, she painted self-portraits and realistic copies of images that she saw in photographs and magazines. Yet, she became less, and less interested in painting and became increasingly interested in conceptual, minimal, performance, body art, and film alternatives (Sherman 5). Shermanââ¬â¢s very first introductory photography class in college was a complete failure for she had difficulties with the technological aspects of making a print. After her disastrous first attempt in photography, Sherman discovered Contemporary Art, which h ad a profound and lasting effect on the rest of her artistic career (Thames and Hudson 1). Shermanââ¬â¢s first assignment in her photography class was to photograph something which gave her a problem, thus, Sherman chose to photograph her self naked. While this was difficult, she learned that having an idea was the most important factor in creating her art, not so much the technique that she used. Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-33344147695340944912020-01-11T11:10:00.001-08:002020-01-11T11:10:03.169-08:00Challenges Facing Managers in Change ProcessThere are change management models and research still relevant for the 21st Century. The problem however is not with their relevance or their worth, the problem and challenge facing organizational leaders, organizational development experts and researchers relate to the speed and complexity of change required today. (Mildred Golden Pryor, Sonia Taneja, John Humphreys, Donna Anderson, Liza Singleton ââ¬â Challenges facing change management 2008). Today, change is constant and organization leaders who anticipate change rapidly and responsibly are successful. However, organizational leaders who anticipate change and invent the future are even more successful because those who invent the game are the leaders in their industry, however there are other organizations that are just followers and adapt to change while there are those that do not even survive. According to MTD Training of 2010, in business, change means moving from one way of doing things to another way of doing them. Not every change has to be managed; every organization will need to make a decision about whether or not to employ change management strategies based, in part on how much risk would be associated with not doing so. Change management is an approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations to a desired future state. It is to make something different. You can cause something to change, or you can bring change upon yourself. (Mildred et al, 2008) The process of change impacts on the whole organization and on all individuals working there. Change processes majorly influence: what the organization does, the way the organization does things, the way all business units of the organization communicate and share information, (Problems in Managing Change, Oliver Recklies). This is the managerââ¬â¢s challenge to make things work. Human resource management has an important role in any change process. Change always needs people: for developing objectives, for identifying the need for change, for developing solutions and for implementing these solutions. Technology can support and influence change, but it can never replace people. Still people are to operate the machines, make and implement decisions, not technology or machines. Another challenge of managing change is that there is no chance to ââ¬Ëundoââ¬â¢ mistakes once they were made. If you allocate resources in an inefficient way, you still have the option to provide additional resources in order to achieve your objective, but there might be wasted resources due to misallocation. If you once failed to make your employees participate in the change process, motivate them into accepting the changes, you will hardly be able to motivate them again. The figure below shows clearly the complexity and scope of change management: Managing change is a challenge that involves coordinating different areas in the organization and the Human Resource has to help employees own the changes alongside quality management, project management, corporate development and usually with a lot to do in Information Technology to have a new, changed organization. Planning and managing change, both cultural and technological, is one of the most challenging elements of a manager's job (Prosci, Neutralizing change threats in the New Year, 2008). Despite these challenges, managers need to be aware that organizations change in a number of dimensions that often relate to one another and can take any direction in the organization. These dimensions include â⬠¢Extent of planning: Although experts differ about how much change can be planned, managers still need to take steps to set up conditions that permit and even encourage change to occur. Degree of change: Changes may be incremental (relatively small, involving fine?tuning processes and behaviors within just one system or level of the organization) or quantum (significant change altering how a company operates). â⬠¢Degree of learning: This dimension relates to the degree to which organizational members are actively involved in learning how to plan and implement change while helping solve an existing problem. â⬠¢Target of change: Organizational change programs can vary with respect to the hierarchical level or functional area of which the change is targeted. Some changes are designed to influence top management and assist them in becoming stronger leaders. Other change programs may involve basic learning, such as customer services techniques for lower level employees. â⬠¢Organization's structure: If it is very stiff and bureaucratic, there may be a need for emphasis on policies, procedures, and rules. Some organizations are very stiff and bureaucratic and may need to ââ¬Å"loosen up. â⬠Other organizations may suffer from lack of organization structure. They may need to emphasize policies, procedures, and rules. Regardless of which forces that cause organizations to see the need for change, organizational leaders, including managers, continue to struggle to maintain or increase their companyââ¬â¢ competitive advantage as rapid changes occur from both the external and internal environments. One of the challenges managers face is successfully implementing initiatives that will lead to change and reactions to the fairness of the change implementation, specifically whether the implementation process was handled fairly or not. Cobb et al ââ¬â 1995) A 2007 benchmarking study ââ¬Å"Best Practices in Change Managementâ⬠identified poor support and alignment with middle management as one of the big challenges in managing change. This followed other factors considered as obstacles to change including; ineffective sponsorship and resistance from employees. Managers may resist change and this implies not effectively supporting their employees through change. One of the main culprits for thi s obstacle is the manager dilemma. The manager dilemma is a result of two forces at work on managers and supervisors during times of organizational change. First, managers and supervisors are themselves being impacted by the change and they must embrace, internalize and adopt the change to their own work. Second, they must support their employees during the change as well, helping them to embrace and adopt the new solution. During changes in the organization, the managers are often wearing both the ââ¬Å"agent of changeâ⬠hat and the ââ¬Å"recipient of changeâ⬠hat. Add to these challenges the fact that middle and front-line managers are critical to sustaining the day-to-day operations of the business and often feel overloaded with that task alone. This could lead to unprofessional management of stakeholders affected by change. Project teams, support functions (like communication, Human Resource, training and development groups) and senior leaders often only wear the ââ¬Å"agent of changeâ⬠hat, while front-line employees and those who ultimately adopt the change wear only the ââ¬Å"recipient of changeâ⬠hat. Managers and supervisors wear both hats and the result being that they have the most difficult role in times of change. Unfortunately, their duel role is often overlooked and neglected to the detriment of project and employee well-being. Workload and speed of change process becomes too big for the manager. Resistance to change is a very big challenge to managers, this is due to reasons like the proposed change ppearing to violate values/ethics or culture generally, the inertia may already exist in the system and change is not easily blended in, the proposed changes may represent uncertainty in different dimensions, there may also be a misunderstanding of proposed changes, fear of loss usually on the side of stake holders, threat of security of organizational members or employees in terms of their jobs, also when personal antagonism exists among group members, when there is lack of confidence in the change sponsor(s) or the change agent(s), lack of participation among team members, fa ilure to see the need for change, when timing is very poor, when there is a disruption of social relationships, at times the proposed change could also upset power balances, resistance may also be due to informal organizational pressure against the change, sometimes a belief that the change is a form of criticism about the way things have been done could cause resistance and sometimes there is a perception that benefits may result if there is a strong resistance to change. Resistance may be a very big challenge that the manager alone may not be able to handle alone. Sometimes managers delegate the whole responsibility to manage the change to employees and only expect to get progress reports from them; this usually may become a very big challenge if things do not go as planned or if the employee does not understand the whole change. The employee does not actually have a responsibility to manage change, the employee's responsibility is to do their best, which is different for every person and depends on a wide variety of factors like health, maturity, stability, experience, personality, motivation, etc. Responsibility for managing change is with management and executives of the organization and they must manage the change in a way that employees can cope with it. The manager has a responsibility to facilitate and enable change, and all that is implied within that statement, especially to understand the situation from an objective standpoint which may mean to ââ¬Ëstep back', and be non-judgemental, and then to help people understand reasons, aims, and ways of responding positively according to employees' own situations and capabilities. Increasingly the manager's role is to interpret, communicate and enable and not to instruct and impose, which nobody really responds to well. Some managers are misunderstood when they introduce change; this is also a challenge that might lead to conflict with employees. Using expressions like mindset change', and ââ¬Ëchanging people's mindsets' or ââ¬Ëchanging attitudes', often indicates a tendency towards imposed or enforced change and it implies strongly that the organization believes that its people currently have the ââ¬Ëwrong' mindset, which is never the case. If people are not approaching thei r tasks or the organization effectively, then the organization has the wrong mindset, not the people. Change such as new structures, policies, targets, acquisitions, disposals, re-locations, etc. , all create new systems and environments, which need to be explained to people as early as possible, so that people's involvement in validating and refining the changes themselves can be obtained. Management may lack the necessary training, empathy and facilitative capability which are priority areas since managers are crucial to the change process, it becomes a bigger challenge if managers merely convey and implement policies from above without knowing much about them and because people and teams need to be empowered to find their own solutions and responses, with facilitation and support from managers, and tolerance and compassion from the leaders and executives, management and leadership style and behaviour are more important than clever process and policy. Employees need to be able to trust the organization and it becomes the managerââ¬â¢s challenge to ensure there is trust between. Managers must agree and work with these ideas, or change is likely to be very painful, and the best people might be lost in the process. In some situations, when people are confronted with the need or opportunity to change, especially when it's ââ¬Ëenforced', as they may see it, by the or ganization, they can become emotional and so can the managers who try to manage the change. This challenge may require diffusing the emotional feelings, taking a step back and encouraging objectivity, to enable sensible and constructive dialogue. This is the managersââ¬â¢ and trainersââ¬â¢ challenge to find a solution with help of analogies to assist themselves and other staff to look at change in a more detached way. Just as the state of ââ¬Ëunconscious incompetence', needs to be developed into ââ¬Ëconscious competence' to provide a basis for training, so is a person's subjective emotion need to be developed into objectivity before beginning to help them handle change. Some managers are not patience and tolerant enough when managing change and yet it is a challenge where the manager is required to help people in these situations to see things differently, bit by bit. This sort of gradual staged change can be found everywhere in the living world. Strong resistance to change is often rooted in deeply conditioned or historically reinforced feelings that require a lot of patience and tolerance towards the people to whom change is being introduced to, the managers ought to have these qualities if they are to manage the change process effectively. It was discovered that people who easily welcome change are not generally the best at being able to work reliably, dependably and follow processes. The reliability/dependability capabilities are directly opposite character traits to mobility or adaptability capabilities. Managers may face the challenge of such people to ensure they can be reliable. Certain industries and disciplines have a high concentration of staff who need a strong reliability/dependability personality profile, for example, health services and nursing, administration, public sector and government departments, utilities and services; these sectors will tend to have many staff with character profiles who find change difficult and as a manager, to help them into change is your challenge. Age is another factor. Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory helps to understanding that people's priorities and motivations are different depending on their stage of life. The manager needs to understand people's needs, at different age levels to better be able to manage change, however, this can be a very big challenge for managers especially dealing with older people who are usually rigid and do not believe anything other than what they already know. People's strengths and weaknesses differ and not everyone welcomes change. It requires time to understand the people you are dealing with, and how and why they feel like they do, before you take action, but the manager may not have that time especially if they are faced with such a rapidly changing world, where a delay might give competitors a chance to override and gain a very big competitive edge. This may be a challenge that requires high skill level and competence for the manager. Managers today have a challenge of fast changing environments where by planning, implementing and managing change in a fast-changing environment is increasingly the situation in which most organizations now work. Dynamic environments such as these require dynamic processes, people, systems and culture, especially for managing change successfully, effectively optimizing organizational response to market opportunities and threats. Some organizations may not have capacity to be dynamic due to different reasons and therefore managers face the bigger challenge. In his book, Change management, 2010, Prof. Dr. Olaf Passeheim identified a challenge due to technological changes today. The International and dynamic situation of the global market has created a big need for change, and this has created a challenge of deregulations which have increased the competitive pressure and minimized monopoly power. Managers today work in such very rapid environment where the organization itself might not be in a position to go with the pace, for example, telecommunication companies like MTN, if it does not have financial capacity to afford the required equipments and software that go with the trend or the required skills to operate them. In any case, the manager has to find a way, or lose the game, an impact that may last and could permanently damage the company. Economic ups and downs are a big challenge, they have such a huge impact on organizations and markets for example, the most recent financial crisis that led to cutbacks and reduced employment, managers face the challenge of neutralizing the situation and making necessary change decisions to cope with the situation. (Passeheim ââ¬â Change Management 2010) Changes in an organization where workforce is never static for example due to changes in gender, age, education, in and out employees create challenges for managers to go with changes because there will always be a need to redesign work, jobs and working groups, to ensure matching job requirements and skills. High financial costs of replacing, upgrading or buying new equipments which the organization may not be in position to procure, this will delay change process for a cost restrictive business. New systems may also fail and the organization is forced to sell the new equipments at reduced prices, pay employees for redundancy or dismiss them with a package because computers replaced them, training that comes with a cost, managers may have to resist implementation of any changes to cut on the costs involved, a decision that might challenge his capacity as a manager. Lack of analysis of strategic and operative challenge in changing the organization, some managers might blindly decide to make changes without analyzing the weight it holds. Some managers consider strategic plans unimportant and in a way ignore what the operative system is like, changes that are not strategically planned may become disastrous as things are only done as they come, operations may be guess work and yet change is something to be handled with care. There may be some unprofessional use of methods in change process as a result. Insufficient problem awareness, if the manager is trying to go through a change process, but does not exactly know the current problems that may have led to the need for change, it will be a very big challenge for him to make the right and appropriate decisions to implement the changes. Insufficient communication in the organization, if departments and employees do not freely and regularly communicate and even the manager is not interactive enough with employees, yet they ought to know what goes on around, change might come as a surprise for many who may not know why it came, many might resist it or just follow blindly and this could greatly compromising quality. Lack of control by managers, it is a challenge if the manager does not have control over employees, operations, systems due to several factors like limitation from superiors or lack of control skills. In such situation, the manager will find it difficult to even bring about change in the organization. Managing through Change ââ¬â MTD Training and ventus publishing 2010, suggests other challenges that managers are likely to face in the change process, these include thus: ?Key staff may leave Market place changes may make your new initiative more urgent or less important ?Budget cuts may put a freeze on resources that u are dependant upon for implementation of change ?Legal regulations or requirements might change requiring an adoption to your plan ?Consumer response may fail to meet expectations requiring to reconsider your choice ?Competitors may act in ways that require you to revisit your objectives or vision ?Unexpected technology barrier may arise ?Costs, time, requirements or staff hour requirements may begin to exceed estimates. As manager, facing the above discussed challenges, one may have to scale back, expand or abort the change and any expected outcomes. Flexible is an essential requirement if the company is to survive in a competitive world today. Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-49058729288225729732020-01-03T07:33:00.001-08:002020-01-03T07:33:04.835-08:00Organizational Excellence And Change Of Walt Disney CLIENT ORGANIZATION 4 Client Organization Prepared by: Brittany Monroe, Michelle Kinyungu, Latasha Plainer, Queenie Jordan June 20, 2016 GM504-01 Organizational Excellence and Change Dr. Tonelli Running head: CLIENT ORGANIZATION 1 Introduction Walt Disney was created by a man named Walter Elias Disney in Chicago, Illinois; he was an animator and motion picture producer. In 1923 they located to Los Angeles, California and he partner with his brother Roy in the Disney Bros Studio. ?Recently they have been called the paradigm of America and intolerance of a debaser of culture and have carried animation through the central figure in the history of animation. Walt Disney Company is a creative organizational structure, the Chairman and CEO Robert Iger, whom is the leader of nine senior executives with various roles and duties ranging from Disney Studios, Disney Consumer Product, Park and Recreations, ABC and ESPN and many more. Walt Disney organization includes 10 senior business leaders and 8 principal business unit directors and they are still working as a team. Contents Group Composition Group composition, structure, and technology can decisively shape individual, group, and organizational outcome (Harrison, 1999). For example, teams that are more heterogeneous on factors such as social background, education, and occupation are often more creative than more homogenous groups but can be less cohesive and satisfying to participants (Milliken and Martins, 1996).Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Excellence And Change At Walt Disney Company2750 Words à |à 11 Pages 5 Client Organization Prepared by: Brittany Monroe, Michelle Kinyungu Latasha Plainer, and Queenie Jordan GM 504 Organizational Excellence and Change July 5, 2016 Unit 6: Team Assignment 1 Professor Barbara-Leigh Tonelli Introduction The Walt Disney Company plays and important role in the lives of many, through the services provided and a place where many people are employed. Understanding overall group dynamics are vital forRead MoreStrategy Analysis : Corporate Strategy912 Words à |à 4 Pages and private lives success plans are in place known as strategy. 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Strategy The Walt Disney Company is known throughout the world as a leader in entertainment. The strategies that the Walt Disney Company have used include competitive advantage, a growth strategy, and a renewal strategy. When a person mentions a theme park, Disney Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-78271617359959673052019-12-26T04:00:00.001-08:002019-12-26T04:00:04.474-08:00Dante and Christian beliefs of the afterlife - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1972 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Dante's Inferno Essay Did you like this example? Inferno is the first part of Dante Alighieris poem, Divine Comedy, which tells of a journey of Dante through hell, purgatory, and heaven guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. Inferno is about the experiences Dante faced on his journey of the soul towards God as he travels the nine circles of hell to reach heaven. In the poem, hell is depicted as the realm for those who have disobeyed the spiritual values for cruel and violent actions against fellow human beings. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dante and Christian beliefs of the afterlife" essay for you Create order Through punishments, the poem serves an allegorical purpose and depicts how one suffers from committing such sins to redemption and eventually salvation. Allegory poems depict both the literal and symbolic meaning. Dante uses allegory in the poem and describes his struggles through the dark forest to salvation, and uses poetic justice in the form of contemporary, historical and mythological figures. The allegory used in the poem depicts the struggles a man goes through in his journey for redemption through Purgatorio and eventually to salvation through Paradiso. In Canto I, there are various Christian beliefs that demonstrate the consequences the humankind faces after committing sin. Dante describes how he finds himself confused in a dark forest as a result of his sins. The poem reads in the midway of this our mortal life; I found me in a gloomy wood, astray/Gone from the path direct. Dante was 35 years old when he wrote this poem, and he illustrates this by saying that midway through his life because most readings of the book of Psalms depict the life span of human kind to be 70 years old. He finds himself in a dark forest because he has gone astray from salvation and this is the punishment for doing so. The poem does not illustrate whether the forest is real or just another example of the allegorical and symbolic forest. Dante illustrates how confused he is because he has strayed from the right path of life and now the punishment is so harsh on him, that forest, how robust and rough its growth/ which to remember only my dismay/ renews, in bitterness not far from death. He regrets the life he has been living and now seeks redemption. Hope and faith are restored on him when he sees a mountain with light shining above it and hopes he can climb the mountain for redemption; he states in the poem that, I looked up and saw its shoulders brightened with the rays of that sun that leads men rightly on every road. However, as he tries to climb the mountain, he first sees a leopard leaping in front of him, but determined to climb the mountain, he continues trying, and then sees a lion coming on his path followed by a wolf, and, behold, almost at the start of the slope, a light, swift leopard with spotted coat. It would not turn from before my face, and so obstructed my path, that I often turned, in order to return. The three animals represent the three sins of violence and animosity, lack of self-control and finally, fraud and malice. These three animals make him turn around to the dark forest and stops climbing the mountain. Dante is saved by the Roman poet Virgil from this misery. In Canto II, Dante meets Virgil after losing hope and hopes that he will be his savior in his journey, and he states, Have pity on me, whoever you are, whether a man, in truth, or a shadow. Virgil explains how he has been sent by Beatrice, the girl that Dante loves and deems to be an angel from heaven, who represents divine love to come rescue him. Symbols of compassion (Virgin Mary), grace (Saint Lucia) and contemplative life (Rachel) are depicted in this Canto. Dante follows Virgil in the journey to the underworld. In Canto III, Dante passes through the gates of hell with a phrase that implies all hope should be abandoned forsake all hope, all you that enter here. Here, Dante meets the souls of those who never took sides in life but were only concerned with themselves. They are continually stung by wasps and hornets, and this symbolizes the sting of their guilty conscience from their sin. These people live miserable lives as they are cast out by Heaven and denied entry by Hell and Dante asks, Master, what is this I hear, and what race are these, that seem so overcome by suffering?. Dante and Virgil then meet Charon, the Hells boatman who transports the dead into the underworld, and is very hesitant to take the living into the underworld, Woe to you, wicked spirits! Never hope to see heaven: I come to carry you to the other shore, into eternal darkness, into fire and ice. And you, who are there, a living spirit, depart from those who are dead. Virgil guides Dante through the nine circles of Hell. The circles represent the wickedness of human beings on earth and how Satan is forever held in bondage of suffering. The sinners for each circle face punishments for their crime in what he refers to as poetic justice. The first circle is the limbo where Virgil resides and represents the people who are unbaptized and do not recognize the existence of Christ. These people represent that group that did not sin but rather refused the existence of Christ, they are the non-Christians adults and the unbaptized babies, they had no sin, yet, though they have worth, it is not sufficient, because they were not baptized, and baptism is the gateway to the faith that you believe in. They are punished by living in a deficient form of heaven for their ignorance of God, however, just like Noah, Moses, Abraham, David among others was saved from the limbo, they too can be saved. The second circle is the circle of lust, where those who are overcome by lust and sexual love are punished by the violent hellish storm that never stops. Lust in this circle led to the sins of adultery, and for cases such as Dido and Cleopatra, it led to a violent death. The third circle represents those who are swayed by voracious appetite and commit the crime of gluttony. They are punished by the constant icy rain which makes them grovel in the mad. The fourth circle represents the greedy people in society who are swayed by the material greed. They are punished by jousting heavy weights in their chests. Dante in his poem illustrates that, here, too, I saw a nation of lost souls/ far more than were above: they strained their chests against enormous weights, and with mad howls rolled them at one another. The fifth circle depicts the wrath faced by the wrathful and the sullen. The wrathful are forced to fight each eternally on the surface of the river while the sullen lay is gurgling under the river. Here, the poem allegorically reveals the punishment for sins that neither philosophy nor the nature of human kind can understand and it states in part, Now, son, see the souls of those overcome by anger, and also, I want you to know, in truth, there are people under the water, who sigh, and make it bubble on the surface, as your eye can see whichever way it turns. The sixth circle is for the heretics who claim that the soul died with the body and failed to believe in God and the afterlife and they are punished in the flaming tombs. They are locked in the burning tombs since they did not believe in Hell. The seventh circle is for violence, O blind desires, evil and foolish, which so goad us in our brief life, and then, in the eternal one, ruin us so bitterly, and it is divided into three sections. First, violence against neighbors that includes the war makers, murders and the tyrants and are punished by being immersed in a river of boiling blood and fire symbolizing the blood they took from their neighbors. The second section of this circle is the violence against self which includes people who committed suicide or even attempted to commit suicide, and they are punished by transforming their souls into gnarled thorny trees fed by birds or the Harpies that have women faces. The last section is for violence against God, art, and nature and includes the blasphemous and the sodomites where they are punished by the burning sand and hot flames falling from the sky. This symbolizes how those who go against the will of God never find peace and live in a very uncomfortable life. The eighth circle is that which punishes those who committed fraud and Dante describes it as the place in Hell. They include the flatterers, simonists, seducers, sorcerers corrupt politicians thieves, hypocrites, counselors of fraud, falsifiers among others and each of them were severely punished. Panderers and seducers are forced to march eternally in opposite directions just as they used seduction to force others to incline to their will. Flatterers who used their language to commit fraud are plunged in excrement, and he quotes one them saying, the flatteries, of which my tongue never wearied, have brought me down to this. Simonists represent the group that bribed for power in the Catholic Churches and are punished by being placed upside down in holes. The sorcerers and false prophets have their heads twisted so that they cannot see what is in front of them because of their false prophecies of the future. The corrupt politicians were placed in sticky pitches that represented their dirty and corrupt deals. The thieves are constantly attacked by lizards and snakes, and their human identity keeps undergoing various transformations and always subject to theft. The sowers of discord have their bodies torn apart as they divided people by their division among people while the fraudulent councilors are entrenched in their individual pyres. The falsifiers who consist of the impersonators and counterfeiters have their bodies and minds rotting in diseases. The last circle represents those who were punished for treachery. From the first circle Limbo to the last circle treachery, Dante documents the punishments of sinners from all walks of life, either as people in authority such as politicians to the very low class in society. These circles represent the seven deadly sins committed by human kind. The punishment depicted in these circles fits the sins committed, and the poem illustrates the realm of Satan and the Christian perception of sin. Through the use of allegory, contemporary, historical and mythological figures and poetic justice, Dante impacts hugely on the Christian beliefs of the afterlife and the live in hell. Through imagery of the poem, Dante depicts a very horrifying life one has to face for living a sinful life. The use of the first person narrator in the Inferno helps the reader associate with the struggles of a man in his journey for salvation and how it feels to go through the midlife crisis. Dantes Inferno also shows how the society views Satan as being inferior to God and how the decisions we make in life determine our fate in the afterlife, for instance, repentance and acknowledgement of God by following His will will guarantee us salvation in the afterlife while the sinful life we lead will lead us straight to the wrath of hell. Dante also goes into detail by differentiating the levels of sin by illustrating the different types of punishment described in each circle for the different sins committed . The poem describes the fundamental religious beliefs the society today deals with and the concept of punishment. Hope for salvation is displayed by the fact that Dante sees the light at the end of his journey and understands his own heart and what it takes to be saved from the sinful life. Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-19589466353970701252019-12-17T23:49:00.001-08:002019-12-17T23:49:04.320-08:00Civil Disobedience, By David Thoreau And A Letter From... In Civil Disobedience By David Thoreau, and A Letter From Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King have similar ideas of civil disobedience, but their actions of disobedience are different. Thoreau s idea is specifically for every citizen in the US who s obligated from their conscious morality to withdraw their support from a government whose legal policies are immoral or unjust. In contrast King urges victims and individuals to dis honor laws that are unjust and made to divide and keep a hold of black communities from having equal resources and treatment as white people. Both authors are trying to encourage the citizens to address and halt a sovereign majority creating unnatural laws that divides everyone into minority subjects. Kings main argument for disobedience in more compelling because its brings a whole entire group of people into the picture than one individual. Unjust laws and just laws are not defined with federal laws and regulations that many people have in mind. A just law is a universal and natural law that is unchanging and is rooted to bring up the right actions of man kind. An example of a universal law would be the ten commandments, that was given to Moses by God for humanity to be righteous and maintain every human moral. An unjust law is not rooted in eternal or natural law, and is out of harmony which divides and separates individuals from unity. An example of an unjust law would be slavery in America in the late 1800s, which destroyed andShow MoreRelatedCivil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau and Letter From Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King Jr.909 Words à |à 4 Pages The essays, Civil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau, and Letter from a Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King, Jr., incorporate the authorsââ¬â¢ opinions of justice. Each author efficiently shows their main point; Thoreau deals with justice as it relates to government, he asks for,â⬠not at one no government, but at once a better government.â⬠(Paragraph 3). King believed,â⬠injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. (Paragraph 4). Each essay shows a valid argument for justice, but KingsRead MoreComparative Essay on Henry David Thoreau in Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther King in Letter from Birmingham Jail820 Words à |à 4 PagesHenry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, in Civil Disobedience and Letter from Birmingham Jail, respectively, both conjure a definitive argument on the rights of insubordination during specified epochs of societal injustice. Thoreau, in his enduring contemplation of life and its purpose, insightfully analyzes the conflic ting relationship between the government and the people it governs. He considerately evokes the notion that the majority of people are restrained by the government and societyRead More Comparing Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail 729 Words à |à 3 Pagesquot; Thomas JeffersonThoreau, a transcendentalist from the mid 19th century and Martin Luther King Jr., the Civil Rights movement leader of a century later both believed the necessity of medicine for government. Although they showed disagreement of opinion on issues regarding voting, both writers agreed on the necessity to reform the government and the means of accomplishing it. In Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail and Thoreaus Civil Disobedience, both agreed on injustice of majority to rule overRead More Henry Thoreauââ¬â¢s Influence on Martin Luther King Jr. Essay898 Words à |à 4 PagesHenry Thoreauââ¬â¢s Influence on Martin Luther King Jr. Henry David Thoreau was a great American writer, philosopher, and naturalist of the 1800ââ¬â¢s whoââ¬â¢s writings have influenced many famous leaders in the 20th century, as well as in his own lifetime. Henry David Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts in 1817, where he was later educated at Harvard University. Thoreau was a transcendentalist writer, which means that he believed that intuition and the individual conscience ââ¬Å"transcendâ⬠experienceRead MoreCompare And Contrast Martin Luther King And Thoreau Civil Disobedience1497 Words à |à 6 PagesWhen Itââ¬â¢s OK to Disobey Martin Luther King Jr.ââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠and Henry David Thoreauââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Civil Disobedienceâ⬠collectively persuade their audiences to disobey authority when it concerns social injustice. King takes a more assertive yet respectful approach, and makes it a point to explicate the intolerable treatment that the black community had to endure under the encroachment of segregation laws. In addition, Thoreau expounds why it is so important for citizens to object and takeRead MoreDevelopment of Transcendentalism901 Words à |à 4 Pageswhile philosophies of civil dispute and nonviolence may seem like a well-accepted idea today, many who fought for this type of negotiation were often considered radical for their introduction of it to society. Among those transcendentalists was Henry David Thoreau, who wrote ââ¬Å"Civil Disobedienceâ⬠, Mohandas Gandhi, who wrote ââ¬Å"Satyagrahaâ⬠, and Martin Luther King Jr., who wrote ââ¬Å"Letters f rom Birmingham Jailâ⬠. Henry David Thoreau used the theory of transcendentalism in ââ¬Å"Civil Disobedience.â⬠These three transcendentalistsRead MoreCivil Disobedience and Birmingham Campaign993 Words à |à 4 PagesCivil Disobedience and Birmingham Campaign Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther king Jr. fundamentally altered the American tradition of protest and reform. Both of them shared the same idea, but viewed them differently. Dr. King wanted to ultimately raise awareness and open doors for groups while Thoreau wanted more individual rights for people. The Birmingham campaign was a movement organized by King Martin Luther in the spring of 1963 to bring attention to the integration efforts of AfricanRead MoreAnalysis Of Henry David Thoreau s Letter From Birmingham Jail951 Words à |à 4 Pagesconfrontations and have practiced freedom of speech rights for justice. In the two articles, ââ¬Å"Civil Disobedienceâ⬠by Henry David Thoreau, and ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠by Martin Luther King, Jr.; both speakers focused on challenging social and political complications for the better of the future, country, and the government. ââ¬Å"Civil Disobedienceâ⬠by Thoreau, Henry David follows the author detaching himself from the government due to it favoring the majority based on the powers the certain group possessesRead MoreComparisons On The Advocacies Of Henry Thoreau vs Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.941 Words à |à 4 PagesThere is a higher law than civil law- the law of conscience- and that when these laws are in conflict, it is a citizens duty to obey the voice of God within rather than that of the civil authority without, (Harding 207). As Harding described in his brief explanation of Henry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience, there are some instances in which it is necessary to disobey a social law. Martin Luther King, Jr., in addition to Thoreau, reasoned that should a civil law be judged unjust, one had a moralRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis961 Words à |à 4 Pages1. In his letter from Birmingham jail, Martin Luther King Jr., a civil right activist a Baptist Minister and the creator of ââ¬Å"In Letter from Birmingham jail.â⬠King uses concepts of logos, pathos, and ethos to convey his points. Racial tension was high during Martin Luther Kingââ¬â¢s time, and he was the voice of the black community. He articulated his words carefully and had use methods of civil disobedience to convey his point. One of the first appeals he makes in his letter is from a lo gos perspective Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-69398700674029783362019-12-09T20:31:00.001-08:002019-12-09T20:31:03.712-08:00Corporate Governance & Ethics Whistleblower Policy Question: Discuss about theCorporate Governance Ethics for Whistleblower Policy. Answer: Introduction: In this report we are discussing Australian Shareholders Association (ASA) their main mission and vision. We are also discussing why all Australian companies have report to ASA. In the next part of the report we are explaining the meaning whistle blower and their characteristics. We are also discussing Example of both good and bad outcomes in real time cases. ASAs and its Main Mission and Dream Australian Shareholders Association (ASA) is an autonomous, funded by members not-for-profitassociation. It has grown-up as a main autonomous body on behalf of retail investors (Australian Shareholders' Association, 2016). The main mission and dream of ASA is to Standing up for the stakeholders .After being set up in 1960 ASA protects and advance the interests of investors and give a powerful communal voice to its shareholders. ASA do this by advancing the interests of retailshareholderswith administration, business, and markets . ASA monitors the corporations and its goal is to advance their financial presentation and corporate supremacy. Corporate governance is effectively raised by ASA in Australian companies. And it continues for betterment in clearness and answerability. On Yearly bases ASA monitors the presentation of main 200 Australian listed entities. The aim behind company monitoring is to absolutely influence results for its retail shareholders. The main aim of ASA is to treat all the stakeholders evenly and advocates for alteration where it is needed. ASA assist its members to get better their asset information and monetary literacy with free member meetings, conversation groups and cost-effective teaching across Australia and it includes local area among them. By giving independent research, governance data and its well-priced education programs ASA assists its members to expand their sensible skills to get better their investing information (Australian Shareholders' Association, 2016). The main vision of ASA is to improve corporate governance engaging shareholders and improve investment knowledge for investors. A whistler blower can be a member of staff or an ex-employee of a corporation who have proof of deceitfulness and immoral behavior in the organization that is not in the best interests of the public. They generally disclose classified information in their place of work to others, which violates the rule or even endangers the wellbeing of the workers (Dugger .A, 2016). The main characteristics of whistleblower is that he absolutely have faith that bad behavior occurred, he believes that the bad behavior is serious and unpleasant, and he works in the organization about which he makes the report. Frequently, whistleblowers are also careful evidence keepers. The essential feature of a whistleblower is that the individual may fear reprisal from his boss. Still if any individual is reporting misconduct in other corporation, he suffers for the reporting by facing complexity in getting prospect service in the industry (Meredith Melnick, (2016). We can take many examples when whistleblowers are retrenched or punished for their brave attitude because they disclose the matter in community interest. In the present case, Benjamin Koh claim that doctors are pressurized to alter the medical information, patients' records are deleted and claims late it is a division of their plan to stay away from policy pay-outs. Koh misplaced from his position for breaking CBAs IT policy connecting to taking customer records at house. At this phase it comes into view that his proceedings have been vindicated given that CBA Ian Narev has apologize for what happened.CBA does not have a entirely negative data when it comes to whistleblowers. Chanticleer can reveal that the allegations against two employees from the CBA's IT division for corporate bribery resulted from the actions of a whistleblower. The person still works at the bank but he would favor to stay nameless. The person is examining credit card records when unusual payments were found. It led to examine his bank financial records (Boyd.T, 2016). A committee is set up by the government and it recommends to the administration to enlarge the definition of a whistleblower and it comprise corporation former workers, monetary services providers, accountants and auditors, unpaid personnel and industry partners. Committee recommends the administration to get bigger its range of information secluded by the whistleblower protections. And to cover any misconduct that ASIC may examine and give that ASIC cannot be required to produce a file enlightening a whistleblower's individuality unless an order is passed by the court. It is also told by them that business whistleblower structure is efficient so that unidentified disclosure are secluded and the obligation that a whistleblower must be acting in high-quality confidence in reveling the data is detached. The revelation is based on a truthful faith, on rational basis. The committee also suggested it is a criminal offence to intimidate to take retaliation towards the whistleblower (Australian securities and investment commission, 2016). Conclusion In this report we have discussed (ASA), and its main mission and vision. We are Definining whistle blower and their characteristics .Example of both good and bad outcomes of real time cases. References Australian Shareholders' Association, (2016), ASA, Accessed on 8th September 2016 from https://www.australianshareholders.com.au/ Australian Shareholders' Association, (2016), our strategy, accessed on 8th September 2016 from https://www.australianshareholders.com.au/our-strategy Australian Shareholders' Association, (2016), Membership benefits, accessed on 8th September 2016 from https://www.australianshareholders.com.au/membership-benefits Meredith Melnick, (2016), What Motivates A Whistleblower? Accessed on 8th September 2016 from https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/psychology-whistleblower_n_5889630 Dugger .A (2016), what is the Whistleblower Act? - Definition, Rights Protection accessed on 8th September 2016 from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-whistleblower-act-definition-rights-protection.html Boyd.T, (2016), ASIC backs project aimed at encouraging corporate whistleblowers, accessed on 8th September 2016 from https://www.afr.com/brand/chanticleer/asic-backs-project-aimed-at-encouraging-corporate-whistleblowers-20160414-go6jhv Parliament of Australia, Department of Parliamentary Services, (2005), Whistle blowing in Australia transparency, accountability but above all, the truth, accessed on 8th September 2016 from https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rn/2004-05/05rn31.pdf Australian securities and investment commission (2016), Guidance for whistleblowers, accessed on 8th September 2016 from https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/asic-investigations-and-enforcement/whistleblowing/guidance-for-whistleblowers/#AmIawhistleblower Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-36412148252111992192019-12-02T08:13:00.001-08:002019-12-02T08:13:05.370-08:00Why Study Pop Music Essay Example For Students Why Study Pop Music Essay Pop culture used to be all the stuff you had to wait for after school to enjoy. But these days, pop culture is just as likely to be the stuff you study in school . In 1986 Michael Hannan establish a contemporary Popular Music program at Southern Cross University a trained classical pianist and musicologist he had previously worked in rock bands and for AC/DCs publisher. Hannan recounts how in 2000 at least 8 of the 37 universities in Australia are now offering degrees servicing aspects of the Popular Music, where as in 1985 there were none. In institutions that have traditionally focused on classical music, there may be a realisation that a broader market of students needs to be targeted in order for them to survive in an era of declining public support for the arts . Hannan asks What are the reasons for this mini-revolution in music training in universities? and it is this is the question I hope to debate in this essay. Hannan proposes that, music training has been traditionally limited to middle class students with a classical music background, most of whom qualify for university entry on the basis of the privately-funded individual music, not from the practical music experiences they have received in a public education system . This point is further reinforced by culture theorist Henry Giroux Of course, education has always been a product of privilege,In that way, pop culture is much more available and accepted than the formal knowledge. We will write a custom essay on Why Study Pop Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hannans significantly focuses on the rapid rise of Popular Music as a serious educational topic while demonstrating a shift in traditional class values that influence what or how things are taught in education systems. This change in attitude does not however alter one specific fact, Most young people contemplating university music study, whether classical or popular, wish to do so because their cultural identity is bound up with music making . In the terms of Popular Culture this affinity with music is even starker as the nature modern life and the volume of accessible media dictates that this exposure is, in essence is everywhere, Students come into college now having been immersed in pop culture since they were born. Its what they know its practically what they breathe. Simon Firth reiterates this in a musical context declaring, the sheer loudness of contemporary Popular Music as it competes with noise in our soundscape. Traditionally pop music was and is still seen as a product for the lower classes; not worthy of social status, let alone study and is frequently referred to as being Normative. In opposition Classical music is then deemed intellectual, high brow, elitist and the fodder for the upper classes, with Popular Music referred to in the terms of the Negative of Classical i. e. what Classical is not! There is some evidence that this trend is however changing, Many people talk as if classical music is in its essence an art and pop music in its essence, nothing but music created to make money. Neither of these statements is completely true, plenty of classical music has been commercial and plenty of pop has been created with no regard for money. Can we prove this seed shift in musical academia is not only happening with regards to established music studies but also in Cultural Social areas. In a 1997 review of Neil Nehrings book Popular Music, Gender, and Postmodernism Chris Foran wrote Rock music is at its heart a music of passion, spontaneity, fire. So why is it that many academics and music journalists dismiss the political and social value of emotion in Popular Music? . I would argue that Foran is wrong in that assumption? In that same year a Stamford University Online Report titled Rock Roll: Does it Influence Teens Behaviour? used the book Its Not Only Rock Roll as its reference point. .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 , .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 .postImageUrl , .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 , .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031:hover , .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031:visited , .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031:active { border:0!important; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031:active , .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031 .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4ff8bd09144e986939faabf205c28031:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Australian Rugby League EssayThe book in question draws its raw material from a senate report, which was concerned about the influences of pop music, efforts to censor it and is later quoted as offering some comfort to parents and others who are worried about graphic sex, morbid violence, overt racism and challenges to authority in Popular Music lyrics and videos. The report was raised after public concern about the relationship Popular Music in the form of gangsta rap, explicit videos and death rock etc was having on American youth culture. This example confirms that the senate believed there is a valid need to understand Popular Music and that potentially this music may have a direct impact on the morals of society. Roberts links Popular Music with child development stating, Because childrens biological and social development rates are so variable, the authors suggest that perhaps the easiest way to tell if a particular child has reached adolescence is to notice whether he or she has developed a passion for Popular Music. So why does Popular Music have such a direct and threatening impact on society and what fuels this fear; the cause I would reason is consumption? According to IFPI figures this years world-wide record industry sales exceed 36 billion dollars, with the UK coming in at 1. 170m and five major record companies holding the power base, Sony, BMI, Warner/AOL Universal and EMI. This represents a major and powerful cultural industry who in league with media companies are capable of directing and forming musical taste and consumption on a global level. By nature any industry of this magnitude will require professionals at all levels that have a vocational qualifications or formal education in that sphere. More regularly we are finding that record companies are in alliance with educational establishments and therefore it can be rationally argued that their business needs, will directly or indirectly effect curriculum topics? Popular Music is part of the larger social context where traditions of culture, class, race, and gender, technology, and profit have now been overlaid with recently consolidated processes of modern mass-marketing and consumption. Having provided some background to the climate surrounding musical education, where does this leave the student and what type of scholar may you find considering Popular Music? My belief is that the reasons for studying this topic are diverse, complex and most of all compelling but some possible reasons are as follows: Musicologists People who wish to study how music is formed through elitist, textual or personal motivators, which may lead to conflicts, which can in turn stimulate modernistic ideas. i. e. apart from Opera classical music is almost exclusively instrumental or melody based, while a great deal of Popular Music is rhythm or narrative driven. I went around the room, and asked each student why he or she was taking the course. One student made a provocative comment that pop music was attractive for its rhythm, and that classical music also had strong rhythm, but that people were discouraged from expressing it. Music Industry Students who see the rewards and career prospects offered by a major industry who wish to take up vocational careers in the music business such as musicians, managers, technicians, journalists or varied support roles. Managers, particularly good managers, groom and train their bands or solo artists in a structured and purposeful way. Record companies (such as the classic case of Motown in the 1960s) often take this a stage further by employing specialised trainers for the skills and personal attributes relevant to particular genres of musical entertainment. Cultural or Social Studies Pupils who wish to study the impact of Popular Music on modern culture or society using issues such as history, economics, social awareness, politics, ideology, psychology, aesthetics or globalisation. .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 , .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 .postImageUrl , .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 , .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37:hover , .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37:visited , .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37:active { border:0!important; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37:active , .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37 .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u055373e9da939f53ea2560937b754e37:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Raving EssayFrench theories, such as semiotics and post-structuralism, have inspired a greater interest in explicit or recorded culture. These theories are concerned with the ways in which texts can shape human behaviour and can be used as a source of power by elitists. Music Lovers Cradled over the smooth wooden curves, fingertips on steel, eyes closed. Listening. It might be a groove it might be, a particularly sweet chord, an intriguing phrase, maybe a little twist of melody that just has something. The song writer latches on to it, tries to understand its implications. What does it feel like? Where does it want to go? What sort of song may grow from this tiny fragile seed? On college campuses nation-wide, pop culture is a hot academic topic. More than one million students will take a course with a pop culture theme in 2001, according to the Popular Culture Association of America. Meanwhile, on the latest generation of TV quiz shows (the closest television gets to academia), contestants are more likely to be grilled on sitcom stars and jingles than on science and history. Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-60223509832835677882019-11-27T00:47:00.001-08:002019-11-27T00:47:02.738-08:00Positive and negative imacts on environment Essay ExamplePositive and negative imacts on environment Essay Example Positive and negative imacts on environment Paper Positive and negative imacts on environment Paper Humans are the cause for many problems on the environment, right? Actually, humans cause many positive effects in nature. The human race may have had many negative impacts on the environment, however we have also made an equal number of positive impacts. We have not yet made our environment the best it can be, but we are working hard to fix the problems. There is much more that can be done. The human race can be blamed for destroying our environment by doing things such as leaving trash on the beaches and polluting the air with car exhaust. By building on and near beaches, humans are destroying the nesting grounds for sea turtles, birds, and other beach plants. We also tend to fish too much. While fishing, some people become very careless and sometimes destroy coral reefs that grow on the ocean floor. Humans will do anything to protect the beach, such as, building concrete barriers to prevent erosion. All these impacts we make on our environment are slowly turning into positive ones, because of the steps we have begun to take to fix them. If we are trying to fix them our hillier will see the great effects we are making on the environment and want to follow our example. Humans have learned to increase the amount of crop yields to feed the hungry. In doing this we can have healthier humans that want to help get the environment back on track. Along with this idea we are also trying to use natural resources instead of harsh chemicals, which in turn will create a positive impact on the environment. The fewer chemicals we put into the environment the less chance we have of destroying our ozone are. Also there will be less off chance of contaminating our water, as well. Could having more crop fields be a positive effect on the environment? In many ways it can have a positive effect on the environment, but in some other ways it can also harm it. It can help the environment by giving the insects and animals more food to survive. The more animals that survive the better the environment will be. Without the existence of animals there would be no environment for humans. In many ways this cant help the environment, one of these ways is because we humans want to try to keep the animals away from the crops. Why? They want more food. To do this we will have to use more chemicals. The more chemicals we use, the more negative impacts we put on the environment, rather than positive effects. In almost all situations, all we have to do is choose whether or not we want to make a positive impact or negative impact on the environment. Just remember when you make positive choices you will always get positive results back. Positive and negative impacts on environment. Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-4376609362318929952019-11-23T08:21:00.001-08:002019-11-23T08:21:03.400-08:00Diffusion ConfusionDiffusion Confusion Diffusion Confusion Diffusion Confusion By Maeve Maddox The Latin verb diffundere, ââ¬Å"to pour in different directions,â⬠gives us the noun diffusion, the verb diffuse, and the adjective diffuse. The noun and the adjective present few difficulties, but the verb is often used ambiguously or incorrectly. Note: The si in diffusion represents the zh sound. The adjective is pronounced with a soft s sound; the verb is pronounced with a hard s sound: diffusion noun /di-FJU-zhn/ diffuse adjective /di-FJUS/ diffuse verb /di-FJUZ/ The noun diffusion refers to the action of spreading or dispersing something. In the context of physics, diffusion is ââ¬Å"the permeation of a gas or liquid between the molecules of another fluid placed in contact with it.â⬠Photographers and painters use the word diffusion to refer to ââ¬Å"the process of slightly scattering a portion of the image-forming light to give a pleasing artistic softness to a photograph [or painting].â⬠Figuratively, diffusion refers to the spreading or scattering of people, customs, or knowledge: In his Researches into the Early History heà ascribes theà curious custom of couvadeà to diffusion, an interpretation that few modern ethnologists would countenance. Carnegie donated $300,000 to build Washington, D.C.s oldest library. The building was dedicated to the diffusion of knowledge. The adjective diffuse means ââ¬Å"spreading out.â⬠A tree, for example, might have ââ¬Å"diffuse branches.â⬠A ââ¬Å"diffuse writing styleâ⬠is wordy. An artist paints a picture in which the light is ââ¬Å"diffuse and ethereal.â⬠A population that is not concentrated in one area, but scattered over a region, is diffuse: Variation in state laws is related to whether the gay and lesbian population is concentrated (where laws permit inequality) orà diffuseà (where laws promote equality).- The Washington Post. Like the other words derived from diffundere, the verb diffuse conveys the sense of ââ¬Å"scattering or spreading abroadâ⬠: The Japaneseà intended to diffuseà Japanese language and culture throughout the archipelago. Efforts have been madeà to diffuse Christianityà throughout the world.à When an artist diffuses the light in a painting, the particles of paint that represent light are spread out, producing a softened effect. Perhaps it is this use of diffuse that causes some speakers to use diffuse as if it means ââ¬Å"to softenâ⬠or ââ¬Å"to make less tense.â⬠For example: While there have been signs that Chinaââ¬â¢s leadership is taking some initiatives intended to diffuse the situation, there are no indications whatsoever that the present tough policy on Tibet will mellow.- Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Or, the writer of the above example may have confused the words diffuse and defuse. Literally, the verb defuse means ââ¬Å"to remove the fuse from an explosive device.â⬠Taking the fuse out of a bomb makes it totally ineffective. Figuratively, defuse means ââ¬Å"to make a situation less tenseâ⬠or ââ¬Å"to make something ineffective.â⬠If the intended meaning is ââ¬Å"make less tenseâ⬠or ââ¬Å"forestall,â⬠ambiguity may be avoided by choosing defuse or some word other than diffuse to express it. Here are some options: ease calm soothe mitigate palliate moderate reduce lighten Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesHow Long Should a Paragraph Be?6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-43104167554708289832019-11-21T04:34:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:34:16.426-08:00Explain how self-creation, social status, and the idea of success EssayExplain how self-creation, social status, and the idea of success inform the major theme of Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald - Essay Example His desire and aspiration to come out of the shell of a middle class individual in order to become rich and wealthy is one of the most important aspects of the story, which is propelled by his association with the rich and famous golf players such as Mortimer Jones. The meandering relationship of Dexter with Judy, the daughter of Mortimer Jones depicts an intriguing portrait of his character, as well. The intention of Dexter to quit his job as a caddy and his vociferous ambition propels him to reach the pinnacle of life. Fitzgeraldââ¬â¢s use of such phrases as ââ¬Å"second-best grocery storeâ⬠corresponds with Dexterââ¬â¢s hankering for a certain status in the society which is achieved when he becomes a partner in a laundry. As a matter of fact, his longing for status led him to leave the state school and joining the university even though he was pressed for money. The author of this story has carefully weaved his protagonist, Dexter by providing different shades to his imagination and his urge to change his social status by wrapping it with success. However, amidst different incidents in the story particularly the failure of Dexter to marry Irene proves his infidelity towards her; at the same time, he could not satisfy Judy Jones though Fitzgerald has also mentioned the depth of his feelings for Judy: ââ¬Å"It did not take him many hours to decide that he had wanted Judy Jones ever since he was a proud, desirous little boyâ⬠(p.7). The story of Winter Dreams describes the ways adopted by people for attaining success which eventually emerge as the most significant reason for unhappiness. The title of the story justifies the dreams of Dexter that are nourished during the most quiescent and inarticulate season of the year that casts a dark shadow in his life when he attains everything except fulfillment. Thus, the story of his success and the attainment of social status reveal Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-89166236526328711982019-11-19T21:06:00.001-08:002019-11-19T21:06:05.020-08:00Body image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsBody image - Essay Example Josephââ¬â¢s Turrowââ¬â¢s article entitled Targeting a New World shows how firms use target marketing in order to reach their markets and propagate their message. On the other hand, the detrimental effects of the marketing in peopleââ¬â¢s mind are shown in Dan Cookââ¬â¢s Lunchbox. Hegemony. These two articles reflect how marketers shape the body image of customers through the use of advertising and how advertising leads to the deterioration of our self-worth. Joseph Turrow describes how marketers are diverting their efforts from mass marketing to target marketing where specific advertising messages are geared to capture a specific audience. This is done by tailoring a program which is suited only for the target market while signaling the wrong people to go away. Target advertising, which aims to separate individuals in different media communities, equates the purchasing power of customers to their self worth. It can be seen that in this type of community, only those who can pay will be provided for while those who cannot afford to pay will be treated as outcasts. The separation of communities according to their lifestyle will also encourage individuals to discriminate those who do not belong to same media community. This individual will perceive that his ââ¬Å"lifestyleâ⬠is superior while other people are inferior, hampering the possibility of knowing other people outside their circles. According to Turrow, ââ¬Å"It will allow individuals in their personally constructed worlds, separated from the people and issues the y donââ¬â¢t care about or donââ¬â¢t want to be bothered withâ⬠(18). This separation also erodes mutual dependence and appreciation of other people. Lunchbox Hegemony proves how marketers have succeeded in promoting a consumer culture among the children. This article shows how targeted marketing as described by Turrow really works. Cook acknowledged how Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-75138052973118853942019-11-17T09:38:00.001-08:002019-11-17T09:38:05.402-08:00The Industry Averages and Financial Ratios Essay Example for Free The Industry Averages and Financial Ratios Essay In todayââ¬â¢s market business really look at what the others in their competitive market are doing to compare how they are doing as a business or corporation. They do this by evaluating the industry averages and the financial ratios. When corporations and financial advisors look at the industry average and the ratios it helps them identify the industry strengths, weaknesses and the overall health of the financial standings of the organization. The automotive and transportation industry with a focus on General Motors (SIC:37110000) is what our group as chosen to examine for our comparison. General Motors was started in 1908 by William Durant by the combination of over 17 independent companies in to one general company, thus eliminating his competitors of the industry. This increased the overall average of the industry and increased the companyââ¬â¢s financial health. That was then, now General Motors in number 3 in the market as it shows in Bloomberg Business week graph. The purpose of comparing the rate of General Motors and the Industry is to rate their performance in solvency, profitability and efficiency. General Motors ratio improved in profitability from 2011 to 2012 and 2012 to 2013 the assets and liabilities ratio was 1.31 that means in profit earned relatively to sales and total assets. In the Industry that means GM did pretty well in assets and sales compared to the Industry. In solvency the ratio was 13.19, it has more than 202,000 employees supporting the companiesââ¬â¢ production and distribution. In efficiency it total a ratio of 9.00 in 2012 to 9.70 in 2013 which they did better in quality, receivables and efficiency of assets control compared to the industry. General Motors has a reasonable balance on overall performance. It has a higher payablesà compared to the industry but lower receivables 16.9 to 6.9 , that indicates that theres a higher cash coming in and less cash going out. In 2011 GM Company achieved staggering turnover of 150.3 billion US. Dollar and net income of 7.6 billion compared to the industry. Below our group as compared the ratios with the industry as a whole and the company General Motors to see where and how the company is doing within the industry. References Bloomberg Businessweek. General Motors Co (GM:New York) (Dec.22, 2014). Retrieved from http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/ratios.asp?ticker=GM Dan Bradstreet Key Business Ratios. (2014). 3711 Motor Vehicle and Car Bodies. Retrieved from Dan Bradstreet Key Business Ratios, FIN370 website. General Motors Co. (2014). Market Watch. Retrieved from http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/gm/financials/balance-sheet Magloff, David. General Motors Co. Growth, Profitability, and Financial Ratios for (GM) from Morningstar.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014 Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5457692966416303697.post-54886015586180735582019-11-14T22:10:00.001-08:002019-11-14T22:10:04.104-08:00Carlo Ginzburgs Night Battles vs. Keith Tomas Religion and the DeclinCarlo Ginzburg's Night Battles vs. Keith Thomas' Religion and the Decline of Magic Carlo Ginzburgââ¬â¢s Night Battles depicts the relationships that existed concerning magic and the use of witchcraft as they where believed by both the popular and the elite concerning the benandanti in the Italian area of Friuli. Keith Thomasââ¬â¢ Religion and the Decline of Magic does a similar thing except his subject area is in the whole of England and includes more information and examples of the beliefs and practices of the English. Both the English account and the account of the Friuli benandanti have several similarities that exist between the two as well as some distinct differences. The differences between the two groups are shown by the way the common and elite treat the situation and the way that the two separate situations changed over time both sharing some characteristics while having other characteristics being different the same in the two areas. In England the role of magic was not one that encompassed the devil or evil in the mind of the popular belief. Magic, on the other contrary, is used properly and for positive purposes could be a good thing. People would tell that they had or wanted to visit a cunning man, someone that uses magic to find lost objects, in order to find out certain information or to reveal who had stolen from them. This practice was not frowned upon by popular opinion. This acceptance of the proclamation of the use of a cunning man shows the public acceptance of magic if used in the right form; as well as the popular opinion that a cunning man was not someone to be feared or despised.1 On the contrary, the cunning man was someone who could help you through magical means in order that you might... ...he desire of the elite to hunt witches and the court system set up that will benefit witch-hunting. These two separate places have two different kinds of magic that are treated in two separate ways by the elite and popular people of the area. 1. Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), 221. 2. Thomas, 505. 3. Thomas, 516. 4. Thomas, 437. 5. Carlo Ginzburg, The Night Battles (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966), 1. 6. Ginzburg, 69-70. 7. Thomas, 226. 8. Thomas, 200. 9. Ginzburg, 71. 10. Ginzburg, 72. 11. Thomas, 453. 12. Ginzburg, 100-101. 13. Ginzburg, 81. Bibliography Ginzburg, Carlo. The Night Battles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966. Thomas, Keith. Religion and the Decline of Magic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. Dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03377106433401122755noreply@blogger.com0